Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34411509›Full record

ArticleCell systems2021

A convergent molecular network underlying autism and congenital heart disease.

Sara Brin Rosenthal, Helen Rankin Willsey, Yuxiao Xu, Yuan Mei, Jeanselle Dea, Sheng Wang, Charlotte Curtis, Emily Sempou, Mustafa K Khokha, Neil C Chi and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell systems, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Protein-Altering Variants' Analysis in Autism Subgroups Uncovers Early Brain-Expressed Gene Modules Relevant to Autism Pathophysiology.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Convergence of autism proteins at the cilium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Mental health in adult congenital heart disease.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2023
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sara Brin RosenthalCenter for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Helen Rankin WillseyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Yuxiao XuDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Yuan MeiDivision of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Jeanselle DeaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Sheng WangQuantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Charlotte CurtisDivision of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Emily SempouPediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Mustafa K KhokhaPediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Neil C ChiDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Arthur Jeremy WillseyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address: jeremy.willsey@ucsf.edu.
Kathleen M FischCenter for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: kfisch@ucsd.edu.
Trey IdekerDivision of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: tideker@ucsd.edu.

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
UC San Diego Clinical and Translational Research InstituteUL1TR001442 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI FIRESTEIN, GARY S, HOGARTH, MICHAEL · 2015 to 2024
$88.3M
Sequencing CoreP50DA037844 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI MEYER, PAUL J · 2014 to 2023
$27.4M
The Psychiatric Cell Map Initiative: Connecting Genomics, Subcellular Networks, and Higher Order PhenotypesU01MH115747 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KAMPMANN, MARTIN, KROGAN, NEVAN J · 2018 to 2022
$19.6M
TR&D 3 - Network Guided Machine LearningP41GM103504 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI IDEKER, TREY · 2012 to 2024
$17.3M
Cytoscape: A Modeling Platform for Biomolecular NetworksR01HG009979 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI IDEKER, TREY · 2017 to 2021
$3.5M
2/2 - Cell Type and Region-Specific Regulatory Networks in Human Brain Development and DisordersU01MH116487 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STATE, MATTHEW W. · 2018 to 2022
$2.3M
Potassium channels, membrane potential, and CHDR01HL149746 · NHLBI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI KHOKHA, MUSTAFA K, ZENISEK, DAVID PAUL · 2020 to 2023
$2.3M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001442NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG009979NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL149746NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA037844NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM103504NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH115747NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH116487
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, have an elevated incidence of congenital heart disease, but the extent to which these conditions share molecular mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we use network genetics to identify a convergent molecular network underlying autism and congenital heart disease. This network is impacted by damaging genetic variants from both disorders in multiple independent cohorts of patients, pinpointing 101 genes with shared genetic risk. Network analysis also implicates risk genes for each disorder separately, including 27 previously unidentified genes for autism and 46 for congenital heart disease. For 7 genes with shared risk, we create engineered disruptions in Xenopus tropicalis, confirming both heart and brain developmental abnormalities. The network includes a family of ion channels, such as the sodium transporter SCN2A, linking these functions to early heart and brain development. This study provides a road map for identifying risk genes and pathways involved in co-morbid conditions.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderHeart Defects, CongenitalHumansautismcongenital heart diseasenetwork geneticsSubject areas: systems biology

Identifiers

PMID34411509
PMCPMC8602730

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.