Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34411303›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2021

Identification of the Fc-alpha/mu receptor in Xenopus provides insight into the emergence of the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) and mucosal Ig transport.

Emily M Flowers, Harold R Neely, Jacqueline Guo, Tereza Almeida, Yuko Ohta, Caitlin D Castro, Martin F Flajnik

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Single-nuclei transcriptome analysis of IgMFrontiers in immunology · 2025
    Article
  6. Protective IgM-mediated immunity againstFrontiers in immunology · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  9. The immunoglobulin J chain is an evolutionarily co-opted chemokine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  10. Evolution and Potential Subfunctionalization of DuplicatedJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Emily M FlowersDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4803-3824
Harold R NeelyDepartment of Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9886-8419
Jacqueline GuoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Tereza AlmeidaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8540-8301
Yuko OhtaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2348-9107
Caitlin D CastroCommittee on Immunology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6920-611X
Martin F FlajnikDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2792-5084
University of Maryland, Baltimore · USHarvard University · USUniversity of Chicago · US

Funding

IMMUNITY AND INFECTIONT32AI007540 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI KAPER, JAMES B · 1998 to 2018
$2.2M
Evolution of Adaptive ImmunityR01AI140326 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI FLAJNIK, MARTIN F · 2019 to 2022
$1.4M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI140326NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007540
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The polyimmunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transcytoses J chain-containing antibodies through mucosal epithelia. In mammals, two cis-duplicates of PIGR, FCMR, and FCAMR, flank the PIGR gene. A PIGR duplication is first found in amphibians, previously annotated as PIGR2 (herein xlFCAMR), and is expressed by APCs. We demonstrate that xlFcamR is the equivalent of mammalian FcamR. It has been assumed that pIgR is the oldest member of this family, yet our data could not distinguish whether PIGR or FCAMR emerged first; however, FCMR was the last family member to emerge. Interestingly, bony fish "pIgR" is not an orthologue of tetrapod pIgR, and possibly acquired its function via convergent evolution. PIGR/FCAMR/FCMR are members of a larger superfamily, including TREM, CD300, and NKp44, which we name the "double-disulfide Ig superfamily" (ddIgSF). Domains related to each ddIgSF family were identified in cartilaginous fish (sharks, chimeras) and encoded in a single gene cluster syntenic to the human pIgR locus. Thus, the ddIgSF families date back to the earliest antibody-based adaptive immunity, but apparently not before. Finally, our data strongly suggest that the J chain arose in evolution only for Ig multimerization. This study provides a framework for further studies of pIgR and the ddIgSF in vertebrates.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntigens, CDFish ProteinsHumansImmunity, MucosalImmunoglobulinsPhylogenyProtein TransportReceptors, FcReceptors, Opioid, muReceptors, Polymeric ImmunoglobulinTranscytosisXenopus laevisAntigens, CDFc(alpha) receptorFish ProteinsImmunoglobulinsReceptors, FcReceptors, Opioid, muReceptors, Polymeric ImmunoglobulinddIgSFevolutionIg multimerizationpIgRXenopus

Identifiers

PMID34411303
PMCPMC8563443
OpenAlexW3195704705

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.