ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Clinical Spectrum of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Protection From Symptomatic Reinfection.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Protective effectiveness of previous infection against subsequent SARS-Cov-2 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- The Protection of Naturally Acquired Antibodies Against Subsequent SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Pooled it
- Therapeutic effects of herbal-medicine combined therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- CXCR3 ameliorates neutrophil-dependent disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection by regulating CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunocompromised patients with persistent SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding ≥8 weeks, clinical outcomes, and virological dynamics: a retrospective multicenter cohort study, 2020-2024.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Tracking the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Nicaragua throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genetic Polymorphisms of P2RX7 but Not of ADORA2A Are Associated with the Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses across Global and Lesser-Studied Vaccines.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Sleep Disturbances as a Consequence of Long COVID-19: Insights from Actigraphy and Clinimetric Examinations-An Uncontrolled Prospective Observational Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of boosting and waning in highly exposed populations on dengue epidemic dynamics.Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Infection-Induced Immunity Is Associated With Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Decreased Infectivity.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Changing patterns of infectious diseases in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- High Co-circulation of Influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Infection-induced immunity is associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not decreased infectivity during household transmission.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- High co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- Protection Associated with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Nicaragua.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Article
- Projecting the SARS-CoV-2 transition from pandemicity to endemicity: Epidemiological and immunological considerations.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Association of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity and Symptomatic Reinfection in Children in Nicaragua.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are few data on the full spectrum of disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across the lifespan from community-based or nonclinical settings.
methodsWe followed 2338 people in Managua, Nicaragua, aged <94 years from March 2020 through March 2021. SARS-CoV-2 infection was identified through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Disease presentation was assessed at the time of infection or retrospectively by survey at the time of blood collection.
resultsThere was a large epidemic that peaked between March and August 2020. In total, 129 RT-PCR-positive infections were detected, for an overall incidence rate of 5.3 infections per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4-6.3). Seroprevalence was 56.7% (95% CI, 53.5%-60.1%) and was consistent from age 11 through adulthood but was lower in children aged ≤10 years. Overall, 31.0% of the infections were symptomatic, with 54.7% mild, 41.6% moderate, and 3.7% severe. There were 2 deaths that were likely due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, yielding an infection fatality rate of 0.2%. Antibody titers exhibited a J-shaped curve with respect to age, with the lowest titers observed among older children and young adults and the highest among older adults. When compared to SARS-CoV-2-seronegative individuals, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity at the midyear sample was associated with 93.6% protection from symptomatic reinfection (95% CI, 51.1%-99.2%).
conclusionsThis population exhibited a very high SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity with lower-than-expected severity, and immunity from natural infection was protective against symptomatic reinfection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.