ArticlePloS one2021
Nationwide surveillance of AIDS-defining illnesses among HIV patients in Japan from 1995 to 2017.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Lesions Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Single-center Experience in Japan.Neurologia medico-chirurgica · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes after switching from sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim to atovaquone due to intolerance in patients with non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia: a single-center retrospective study.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2026Article
- Proposed approaches for public health surveillance: A literature review for the Canadian National HIV Surveillance Program.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2025Article
- CT imaging of HIV-associated pulmonary disorders in COVID-19 pandemic.Clinical imaging · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe accurate prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses (ADIs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has not been well investigated. Hence, a longitudinal nationwide surveillance study analyzing the current status and national trend of opportunistic complications in HIV-infected patients in Japan is warranted.
methodsA nationwide surveillance of opportunistic complications in HIV-infected patients from 1995 to 2017 in Japan was conducted. An annual questionnaire was sent to 383 HIV/AIDS referral hospitals across Japan to collect information (CD4+ lymphocyte count, time of onset, outcome, and antiretroviral therapy [ART] status) of patients diagnosed with any of 23 ADIs between 1995 and 2017.
resultsThe response and case capture rates of the questionnaires in 2017 were 53% and 76%, respectively. The number of reported cases of opportunistic complications peaked in 2011 and subsequently declined. Pneumocystis pneumonia (38.7%), cytomegalovirus infection (13.6%), and candidiasis (12.8%) were associated with the cumulative incidence of ADIs between 1995 and 2017. The mortality rate in HIV-infected patients with opportunistic complications substantially decreased to 3.6% in 2017. The mortality rate was significantly higher in HIV patients who received ART within 14 days of diagnosis of complications than in those who received ART 15 days after diagnosis (13.0% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.01).
conclusionsWe have demonstrated a 23-year trend of a newly diagnosed AIDS status in Japan with high accuracy. The current data reveal the importance of Pneumocystis pneumonia as a first-onset illness and that early initiation of ART results in poor outcomes in HIV patients in Japan.
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