ArticlePloS one2021
24-month outcomes of XEN45 gel implant versus trabeculectomy in primary glaucoma.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of XEN gel stent implantation combined with mitomycin C injection in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Minimally Invasive Bleb Surgery for Glaucoma: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2024Pooled it
- The Outcomes of XEN Gel Stent Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of the XEN45 gel stent compared to trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma: the Gold-Standard Pathway Study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Update on XEN Gel Stent: A Narrative Review on Indications, Surgical Technique, and Postoperative Management.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Medical and surgical treatment management in open angle glaucoma patients of Asian descent: A narrative review.European journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Short-term efficacy and safety of A-stream glaucoma shunt: a 6-month study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Outcomes of Hypotony After Trabeculectomy Management with Autologous Blood Injection: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Persistent Macular Choroidal Folds without Hypotony Following XEN Gel Stent Implantation: A Case Report.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2025Article
- XEN45 gel stent in the treatment of pigmentary glaucoma: A two-year follow-up.European journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Long-term effectiveness and safety of XEN45 in open-angle glaucoma patients.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Swiss Multicenter Ab Interno XEN45 Gel Stent Study: 2-Year Real-World Data.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- No Changes in Keratometry Readings and Anterior Chamber Depth after XEN Gel Implantation in Patients with Glaucoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Effectiveness and safety of XEN45 implant over 12 months of follow-up: data from the XEN-Glaucoma Treatment Registry.Eye (London, England) · 2024Observational
- Complications of XEN gel stent implantation for the treatment of glaucoma: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Recanalization of Xen45 gel stent implant occlusion using 10 - 0 nylon suture in refractory glaucoma: a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of Xen Gel Stent in Glaucoma Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Ab Interno XEN 45 Gel Stent in Patients with Glaucoma and High Myopia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Long-Term Effectiveness of XEN 45 Gel-Stent in Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Intraocular Pressure and Medication Changes Associated with Xen Gel Stent: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo compare the efficacy and safety profiles of XEN implant versus trabeculectomy as a surgical intervention for primary glaucoma.
methodsA retrospective cohort study of mild to moderate stage glaucoma patients, who had undergone either XEN implantation or trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C, was performed in a tertiary eye center.
resultsFifty-seven eyes for XEN implant and 57 eyes for trabeculectomy with medically uncontrolled glaucoma were included. Preoperative IOP was 16-33 mmHg. Visual field mean deviation was -9.11±6.93 dB in XEN group, and -9.67±5.06 dB in trabeculectomy group (p = 0.195). At the 24-month timepoint, mean IOP was reduced from 21.6±4.0 to 14.6±3.5 mmHg (32.4% reduction) in the XEN group (p<0.001), and from 22.5±5.8 to 12.5±4.1 mmHg (44.4% reduction) in the trabeculectomy group (p<0.001). Final IOP in XEN was significantly higher than trabeculectomy (p = 0.008) with lesser mean IOP percentage reduction at month 24 (p = 0.045). Mean number of medications was reduced from 2.2±1.4 to 0.5±0.7 in XEN group (p<0.001), and from 2.4±0.7 to 0.8±1.3 in trabeculectomy group (p<0.001). Final number of medications was not different between the groups (p = 0.225). Surgical success was comparable between XEN and trabeculectomy group. Overall success was 71.4% vs. 73.3% (p = 0.850), and complete success was 62.9% vs. 62.2% (p = 0.954), respectively. XEN had lower rate of numerical hypotony than trabeculectomy. No serious complication occurred in either procedure group.
conclusionAt 24 months, XEN showed a rate of success comparable to that of trabeculectomy. Although XEN had a higher final IOP than trabeculectomy, XEN achieved 32% IOP reduction, and achieved final IOP in mid-teen level. No serious complication occurred in either group. XEN can be applied for treatment of mild to moderate stages of glaucoma in Southeast Asian patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.