Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34410431›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2021

Polygenic Adaptation and Clonal Interference Enable Sustained Diversity in Experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa Populations.

Katrina B Harris, Kenneth M Flynn, Vaughn S Cooper

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Genetic diversification ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Article
  4. Colistin resistance dynamics inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
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  7. Article
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  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Mutation bias and adaptation in bacteria.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023
    Review
  15. Parallel genetic adaptation ofMicrobial genomics · 2023
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Tolerance and resistance of microbial biofilms.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Katrina B HarrisDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Kenneth M FlynnDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
Vaughn S CooperDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7726-0765
University of Pittsburgh · USUniversity of New Hampshire · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How biodiversity arises and can be maintained in asexual microbial populations growing on a single resource remains unclear. Many models presume that beneficial genotypes will outgrow others and purge variation via selective sweeps. Environmental structure like that found in biofilms, which are associated with persistence during infection and other stressful conditions, may oppose this process and preserve variation. We tested this hypothesis by evolving Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in biofilm-promoting arginine media for 3 months, using both a bead model of the biofilm life cycle and planktonic serial transfer. Surprisingly, adaptation and diversification were mostly uninterrupted by fixation events that eliminate diversity, with hundreds of mutations maintained at intermediate frequencies. The exceptions included genotypes with mutator alleles that also accelerated genetic diversification. Despite the rarity of hard sweeps, a remarkable 40 genes acquired parallel mutations in both treatments and often among competing genotypes within a population. These incomplete soft sweeps include several transporters (including pitA, pntB, nosD, and pchF) suggesting adaptation to the growth media that becomes highly alkaline during growth. Further, genes involved in signal transduction (including gacS, aer2, bdlA, and PA14_71750) reflect likely adaptations to biofilm-inducing conditions. Contrary to evolution experiments that select mutations in a few genes, these results suggest that some environments may expose a larger fraction of the genome and select for many adaptations at once. Thus, even growth on a sole carbon source can lead to persistent genetic and phenotypic variation despite strong selection that would normally purge diversity.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalPseudomonas aeruginosaBiofilmsMultifactorial InheritanceMutationbacterial adaptationexperimental evolutionparallelismsoft sweep

Identifiers

PMID34410431
PMCPMC8662654
OpenAlexW3195101806

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.