Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34409764›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2021

Gastric adenocarcinoma burden and late-stage diagnosis in Latino and non-Latino populations in the United States and Texas, during 2004-2016: A multilevel analysis.

Dorothy Long Parma, Susanne Schmidt, Edgar Muñoz, Amelie G Ramirez

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Gastric Cancer by Stage of Diagnosis in the United States (2009-2019).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dorothy Long ParmaDepartment of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8059-3392
Susanne SchmidtDepartment of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Edgar MuñozDepartment of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Amelie G RamirezDepartment of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5310-1337
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio · US

Funding

TISSUE CULTURE---COREP30CA054174 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Robin Jean Leach · 1991 to 2026
$59.1M
Institute for Integration of Medicine & Science: A Partnership to Improve HealthUM1TR004538 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI ROBERT A CLARK, Kenneth M Hargreaves · 2023 to 2026
$22.3M
REDES EN ACCION--CANCER AWARENESS, TRAINING AND RESEARCHU01CA086117 · NCI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI RAMIREZ, AMELIE G · 2000 to 2005
$9.0M
Training ProgramU54CA153511 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI RAMIREZ, AMELIE G · 2010 to 2015
$6.2M
Medical Research and Materiel Command W81XWH1910215NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004538NCI NIH HHS P30 CA054174NCI NIH HHS U01 CA86117NCI NIH HHS U54 CA153511
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGastric cancer disproportionately affects Latinos, but little is known about regional effects and risk factors. We compared primary incidence, late-stage diagnosis, and risk factors for gastric adenocarcinoma (GCA) from 2004 to 2016 in Latinos and non-Latinos in the United States, Texas (TX), and South Texas (STX).

methodsWe collected case data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and the Texas Cancer Registry. We generated average annual age-adjusted incidence rates, rate ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using SEER*Stat software and analyzed the cases by anatomic site, demographics, and county-level risk factors using SAS 9.4. We constructed multilevel logistic regression models for late-stage GCA, adjusting for patient- and county-level characteristics.

resultsLatinos had higher overall GCA incidence rates in all regions, with the greatest disparities in overlap GCA in STX males (RR 4.39; 95% CI: 2.85, 6.93). There were no differences in cardia GCA rates for non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and Latino women in all regions. Younger patients, patients with overlapping or not otherwise specified (NOS) lesions, and patients diagnosed during 2012-2016 had higher odds of late-stage GCA. The stratification by location showed no differences in late-stage disease between NHWs and Latinos. The stratification by anatomic site showed Latinos with cardia GCA were more likely to have late-stage GCA than NHWs (OR: 1.13, p = 0.008). At the county level, higher odds of late-stage GCA were associated with medium and high social deprivation levels in TX without STX (OR: 1.25 and 1.20, p = 0.007 and 0.028, respectively), and medium social deprivation index (SDI) in patients with NOS GCA (OR: 1.21, p = 0.01).

conclusionsSTX Latinos experience greater GCA disparities than those in TX and the United States. Younger age and social deprivation increase the risk for late-stage GCA, while Latinos and women are at higher risk specifically for late-stage cardia GCA. There is a need for population-specific, culturally responsive intervention and prevention measures, and additional research to elucidate contributing risk factors.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessAdenocarcinomaAdultAgedAge FactorsDelayed DiagnosisFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMultilevel AnalysisNeoplasm StagingRisk FactorsSEER Programgastric adenocarcinomahealth disparitieslate-stage diseaseLatinosmultilevel analysis

Identifiers

PMID34409764
PMCPMC8446571
OpenAlexW3194492192

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.