ArticleJAAD international2020
Skin-lightening practices among shoppers in select markets in Kumasi, Ghana: A cross-sectional survey.
Article in JAAD international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Why are people cosmetic skin whitening? A systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Associations Between Education and Use of and Knowledge About Skin Bleaching and Skin Lightening Products.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Skin-Lightening Product Use Among South Asian Americans: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.JMIR dermatology · 2023Article
- Women's knowledge, perception, practice, and experience of using of skin-lightening products in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): A cross-sectional survey.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Observations by health care professionals about wound healing in Ghanaian patients who skin-bleach.International wound journal · 2022Article
- Prevalence, determinants and perception of use of skin lightening products among female medical undergraduates in Nigeria.Skin health and disease · 2021Article
- The dark side of skin lightening: An international collaboration and review of a public health issue affecting dermatology.International journal of women's dermatology · 2021Review
- Awareness on Skin Lightening Practice and their Side Effects among Nursing Staff in a Tertiary Care Centre.Indian journal of dermatologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite warnings about its harmful adverse effects and the implementation of regulatory bans, anecdotal reports suggest high use of skin-lightening agents in Kumasi, Ghana.
objectiveTo estimate the prevalence and motivation for skin-lightening agent use and nonuse among shoppers in Kumasi, Ghana.
methodsThis is a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of shoppers in 3 of Kumasi's largest markets.
resultsOf the 350 shoppers who were approached, 334 consented, for a response rate of 95%. Data were analyzed on 331 completed surveys. A total of 40.4% of individuals reported current or past use of skin-lightening products, and 26.6% of men reported history of product use compared with 56.5% of women. Female sex was significantly associated with skin-lightening product use (odds ratio 3.59; 95% confidence interval 2.26-5.70). Users of skin-lightening agents were more likely to agree with statements that associated lighter skin with beauty, self-esteem, attractiveness, and wealth. LIMITATIONS: Using a nonrandomized convenience sampling method on a single city limits the generalizability of the results. Response, recall, and social desirability biases may have skewed the results, especially given the stigma associated with skin-lightening agent use.
conclusionThe practice of skin lightening among all participants is high and is associated with perceptions of increased beauty, attractiveness, self-esteem, and wealth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.