ArticleJournal of current ophthalmology
Risk Factors for Ocular Surface Disease in Tunisian Users of Preserved Antiglaucomatous Eye Drops.
Article in Journal of current ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of dry eye disease in African populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Dry Eye Disease in the Middle East and Northern Africa: A Position Paper on the Current State and Unmet Needs.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Use Pattern of Ophthalmic Antiglaucoma Agents with and without Preservatives: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Ocular surface disease: a known yet overlooked side effect of topical glaucoma therapy.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo study the clinical and the functional findings in glaucomatous patients under preserved eye drops having ocular surface alterations and to analyze their risk factors.
methodsA cross-sectional study of 155 glaucomatous patients was conducted. All of them answered the "Ocular Surface Disease Index" (OSDI) questionnaire and had a complete and precise evaluation of the ocular surface state including a Schirmer I test, a tear break-up time evaluation, eyelid, conjunctival, and corneal examination with a Fluorescein and a Lissamin green test. We studied factors that could influence the OSDI score and each type of ocular surface alteration (age, sex, glaucoma treatment duration, number and type of the active principle, and Benzalkonium Chloride [BAK] use).
resultsBAK was used in 80% of cases. The OSDI score was ≥13, in 61.3% of cases. The biomicroscopic signs of ocular surface disease were at least minimal in 87.1% of cases. The main predictors of OSDI score increase were the glaucoma treatment duration (
conclusionsPreserved antiglaucomatous eye drops alter the patients' ocular surface. The main risk factors were advanced age, duration of glaucoma treatment, multiple therapies, and the use of BAK.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.