ArticleInternational journal of developmental disabilities2021
The effect of training on variability and accuracy of overhand throwing in children with Down syndrome.
Article in International journal of developmental disabilities, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Variability and coordination patterns of walking with different speeds in active and non-active children with Down syndrome: A cross-sectional case-control study.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectivePeople with Down syndrome (DS) have higher variability in their motor skills compared to other counterparts without intellectual disability. Given that the effect of physical training on the variability and accuracy is unclear, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of nine sessions of overhand throwing training on the variability and accuracy of overhand throwing in children with DS.
methodsTwenty-seven children with DS randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. In the pretest, two groups threw the tennis ball three times to the fixed target. Absolute error (AE) and the normalized root mean square (NoRMS) of segmental couplings of shoulder-elbow (NoRMS 1) and elbow-wrist (NoRMS 2) calculated from the scores of throwing and kinematics data, respectively. Then the experimental group participated in overhand throwing training for nine sessions. After that, the post-test was taken and ten days later, the retention test performed with pretest conditions.
resultsThe results of two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on AE values showed the experimental group in the post-test and retention phases was more accurate than the control group. Also, AE values of the experimental group in the post-test and retention phases were significantly lower than the pretest. The results of two-way ANOVA with repeated measures showed that NoRMS 1 in the experimental group was significantly lower than control group in the post-test and retention phases.
conclusionIt seems the overhand throwing training can reduce the variability and increase the accuracy of overhand throwing in children with DS.
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