ArticleScientific reports2021
Speakers exhibit a multimodal Lombard effect in noise.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visuospatial experience shapes the form of gestures: Blind speakers gesture with more precise spatial tracking of motion than sighted speakers.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Prevalence of voice problems and associated risk factors in electronic sports players.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Understanding discourse in face-to-face settings: The impact of multimodal cues and listening conditions.Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition · 2025Article
- Dyadic differences in empathy scores are associated with kinematic similarity during conversational question-answer pairs.Discourse processes · 2025Article
- Signers and Speakers Show Distinct Temporal Kinematic Signatures in Their Manual Communicative Movements.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2025Article
- Adaptions in eye-movement behavior during face-to-face communication in noise.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Children and adults produce distinct technology- and human-directed speech.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Partner-directed gaze and co-speech hand gestures: effects of age, hearing loss and noise.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Gesture links language and cognition for spoken and signed languages.Nature reviews psychology · 2023Article
- Embodied Processing at Six Linguistic Granularity Levels: A Consensus Paper.Journal of cognition · 2023Article
- Children benefit from gestures to understand degraded speech but to a lesser extent than adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- A multi-scale investigation of the human communication system's response to visual disruption.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In everyday conversation, we are often challenged with communicating in non-ideal settings, such as in noise. Increased speech intensity and larger mouth movements are used to overcome noise in constrained settings (the Lombard effect). How we adapt to noise in face-to-face interaction, the natural environment of human language use, where manual gestures are ubiquitous, is currently unknown. We asked Dutch adults to wear headphones with varying levels of multi-talker babble while attempting to communicate action verbs to one another. Using quantitative motion capture and acoustic analyses, we found that (1) noise is associated with increased speech intensity and enhanced gesture kinematics and mouth movements, and (2) acoustic modulation only occurs when gestures are not present, while kinematic modulation occurs regardless of co-occurring speech. Thus, in face-to-face encounters the Lombard effect is not constrained to speech but is a multimodal phenomenon where the visual channel carries most of the communicative burden.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.