ArticleNature communications2021
Etiological and epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections in China.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06566898 (Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Based on Metagenomics Analyses in Pneumonia Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 337 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Based on Metagenomics Analyses in Pneumonia Patients: a Genomic Epidemiology Study
Who cites it
337 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic value of procalcitonin for identifying the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of a single dose of adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine in adults ≥60 years of age in China: results from a phase 3 immunobridging trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Effect of A1 protein-free formula versus conventional formula on acute respiratory infections and diarrhea in toddlers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Myxovirus resistance protein A to differentiate between viral and non-viral respiratory infections in adults: a prospective study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Symptom-based diagnostic models for common respiratory viral infections: a machine learning and natural language processing study.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Respiratory pathogen epidemiology in children under 5 years hospitalized with acute respiratory infections in Qingdao, China: a retrospective, single-center, repeated cross-sectional surveillance study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Characteristics and Evolutionary Characterization of Human Metapneumovirus in Jiaxing, China.Viruses · 2026Article
- Characterization of Bronchiolitis and Vaccine-induced Enhanced Respiratory Disease in Syrian Hamsters Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Mapping the Evolution of Diagnostic Research onPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Health-Seeking Behaviors After Acute Respiratory Infection Among Urban and Rural Residents and Different Age Groups: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Review
- Influenza-Like Illness Forecasting Using Multisource Data: Comparative Deep Learning Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Assessing the Origin of the COVID19 Pandemic Is Still Important.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- Research progress and trends of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a bibliometric and visualization analysis (1990s to post-COVID-19 era).Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Pulmonary mRNA-LNP vaccines for rapid and durable protection against bacterial infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Wheezing Illness Following Human Bocavirus 1 Infection in Children.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, bacterial coinfection risk factors, and inflammatory markers in children with RSV, AdV, and hMPV pneumonia in Zunyi, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of inhaled ambroxol hydrochloride solution in Chinese pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections: a real-world, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and factors associated with Talaromyces marneffei detection in the mainland of China, 2022-2024: a cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sustainable trans-scale fibrous membranes for stable ultra-protective air filtration.Nature communications · 2026Article
277 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
45 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nationwide prospective surveillance of all-age patients with acute respiratory infections was conducted in China between 2009‒2019. Here we report the etiological and epidemiological features of the 231,107 eligible patients enrolled in this analysis. Children <5 years old and school-age children have the highest viral positivity rate (46.9%) and bacterial positivity rate (30.9%). Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus are the three leading viral pathogens with proportions of 28.5%, 16.8% and 16.7%, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the three leading bacterial pathogens (29.9%, 18.6% and 15.8%). Negative interactions between viruses and positive interactions between viral and bacterial pathogens are common. A Join-Point analysis reveals the age-specific positivity rate and how this varied for individual pathogens. These data indicate that differential priorities for diagnosis, prevention and control should be highlighted in terms of acute respiratory tract infection patients' demography, geographic locations and season of illness in China.
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