Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34408094›Full record

ArticleScience robotics2021

Soft robotic steerable microcatheter for the endovascular treatment of cerebral disorders.

Tilvawala Gopesh, Jessica H Wen, David Santiago-Dieppa, Bernard Yan, J Scott Pannell, Alexander Khalessi, Alexander Norbash, James Friend

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science robotics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Smart Catheters for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Therapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Intelligent Soft Opto-Magnetic Robot for Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Serially-Connected Soft Continuum Robots for Endovascular Emergencies.IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics · 2025
    Article
  15. Materials Advances in Devices for Heart Disease Interventions.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Self-Steering Catheters for Neuroendovascular Interventions.IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tilvawala GopeshDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6598-1522
Jessica H WenSchool of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5302-9657
David Santiago-DieppaDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Bernard YanMelbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
J Scott PannellDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Alexander KhalessiDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Alexander NorbashDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2986-2563
James FriendDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. jfriend@ucsd.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0416-2165

Funding

UC San Diego Clinical and Translational Research InstituteUL1TR001442 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI FIRESTEIN, GARY S, HOGARTH, MICHAEL · 2015 to 2024
$88.3M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Catheters used for endovascular navigation in interventional procedures lack dexterity at the distal tip. Neurointerventionists, in particular, encounter challenges in up to 25% of aneurysm cases largely due to the inability to steer and navigate the tip of the microcatheters through tortuous vasculature to access aneurysms. We overcome this problem with submillimeter diameter, hydraulically actuated hyperelastic polymer devices at the distal tip of microcatheters to enable active steerability. Controlled by hand, the devices offer complete 3D orientation of the tip. Using saline as a working fluid, we demonstrate guidewire-free navigation, access, and coil deployment in vivo, offering safety, ease of use, and design flexibility absent in other approaches to endovascular intervention. We demonstrate the ability of our device to navigate through vessels and to deliver embolization coils to the cerebral vessels in a live porcine model. This indicates the potential for microhydraulic soft robotics to solve difficult access and treatment problems in endovascular intervention.

Indexed as

RoboticsAnimalsBiomedical EngineeringCalibrationCatheterizationCathetersCerebral ArteriesComputer SimulationElasticityEmbolization, TherapeuticEndovascular ProceduresEquipment DesignFemaleHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalIntracranial AneurysmPolymers

Identifiers

PMID34408094
PMCPMC9809155

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.