SynthesisBMJ open2021
Indirect comparison of TIMI, HEART and GRACE for predicting major cardiovascular events in patients admitted to the emergency department with acute chest pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing the Performance of Machine Learning Models and Conventional Risk Scores for Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Cerebrovascular Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Accuracy of Machine Learning Models for Early Prediction of Major Cardiovascular Events Post Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- [Advances in the application of the HEART score in patients with acute coronary syndromes].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Application of HEART, GRACE 2.0 and TIMI scores for risk stratification of chest pain: a single-centre external pilot study in a Sri Lankan population.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Efficacy of CPS, HEART and TIMI Score in Emergency Department Patients with Non-Traumatic Chest Pain: A Pilot Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Use of the Hypoxia-Age-Shock Index at Triage to Predict Mortality in Geriatric STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary PCI.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Hospital Outcomes in NSTEMI Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2026Article
- Brazilian Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain in the Emergency Department - 2025.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Research on the prediction of slow blood flow in pPCI of STEMI patients based on CatBoost.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Improving chest pain risk assessment: validation of HEART, TIMI, GRACE, EDACS-ADP, and HET for MACE prediction in the emergency department.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Explainable machine learning for predicting ICU mortality in myocardial infarction patients using pseudo-dynamic data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Adult Triage in the Emergency Department: Introducing a Multi-Layer Triage System.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Construction and evaluation of a triage assessment model for patients with acute non-traumatic chest pain: mixed retrospective and prospective observational study.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Observational
- Anemia, Hyperglycemia, and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Improve the GRACE Score's Predictability for In-hospital Mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome; Single-Centre Cross-Sectional Study.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2025Article
- Article
- ChatGPT provides inconsistent risk-stratification of patients with atraumatic chest pain.PloS one · 2024Article
- Significance of fragmented QRS and predictors of outcome in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Interrelation between hypoxic liver injury and Killip classification in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe study aimed to compare the predictive values of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI); History, Electrocardiography, Age, Risk factors and Troponin (HEART) and Global Registry in Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) scoring systems for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in acute chest pain (ACP) patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).
methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from their inception to June 2020; we compared the following parameters: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), diagnostic OR (DOR) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).
resultsThe pooled sensitivity and specificity for TIMI, HEART and GRACE were 0.95 and 0.36, 0.96 and 0.50, and 0.78 and 0.56, respectively. The pooled PLR and NLR for TIMI, HEART and GRACE were 1.49 and 0.13, 1.94 and 0.08, and 1.77 and 0.40, respectively. The pooled DOR for TIMI, HEART and GRACE was 9.18, 17.92 and 4.00, respectively. The AUC for TIMI, HEART and GRACE was 0.80, 0.80 and 0.70, respectively. Finally, the results of indirect comparison suggested the superiority of values of TIMI and HEART to those of GRACE for predicting MACEs, while there were no significant differences between TIMI and HEART for predicting MACEs.
conclusionsTIMI and HEART were superior to GRACE for predicting MACE risk in ACP patients admitted to the ED.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.