SynthesisBMJ open2021
Effect of interventions for the well-being, satisfaction and flourishing of general practitioners-a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of strategies to prevent burnout syndrome in hospital-based healthcare personnel: an overview of systematic reviewsRevista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba, Argentina) · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of standardized mindfulness programs on burnout: a systematic review and original analysis from randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- What is the impact of integrated care on the job satisfaction of primary healthcare providers: a systematic review.Human resources for health · 2023Pooled it
- What Works to Improve Wellbeing? A Rapid Systematic Review of 223 Interventions Evaluated with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scales.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring Clinician Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Primary Care: Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis.JMIR AI · 2026Review
- Retaining family physicians in comprehensive primary care: Scoping review.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2025Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Clinical Supervision and Well-Being in the Otolaryngology Residency Board in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Changes in harm reduction service providers professional quality of life during dual public health emergencies in Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- The Psychoneuroimmunological Model of Moral Distress and Health in Healthcare Workers: Toward Individual and System-Level Solutions.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Review
- Creating and Supporting Well-Being in Graduate Medical Education.HCA healthcare journal of medicine · 2024Article
- Burnout Among Physicians of Specialties Dedicated to Liver Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Article
- High prevalence of burnout syndrome in Czech general practitioners: A cross-sectional survey.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Occupational burnout, flourishing and job satisfaction among HIV/AIDS healthcare workers in Western China: a network analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- A Path Analysis Model of Self- vs. Educational-Context- Regulation as Combined Predictors of Well-Being in Spanish College Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Determinants of well-being and their interconnections in Australian general practitioners: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Distress and Wellbeing among General Practitioners in 33 Countries during COVID-19: Results from the Cross-Sectional PRICOV-19 Study to Inform Health System Interventions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesClinician well-being has been recognised as an important pillar of healthcare. However, research mainly addresses mitigating the negative aspects of stress or burnout, rather than enabling positive aspects. With the added strain of a pandemic, identifying how best to maintain and support the well-being, satisfaction and flourishing of general practitioners (GPs) is now more important than ever.
designSystematic review. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus from 2000 to 2020. STUDY SELECTION: Intervention studies with more than 50% GPs in the sample evaluating self-reported well-being, satisfaction and related positive outcomes were included. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was applied.
resultsWe retrieved 14 792 records, 94 studies underwent full-text review. We included 19 studies in total. Six randomised controlled trials, three non-randomised, controlled trials, eight non-controlled studies of individual or organisational interventions with a total of 1141 participants. There were two quasi-experimental articles evaluating health system policy change. Quantitative and qualitative positive outcomes were extracted and analysed. Individual mindfulness interventions were the most common (k=9) with medium to large within-group (0.37-1.05) and between-group (0.5-1.5) effect sizes for mindfulness outcomes, and small-to-medium effect sizes for other positive outcomes including resilience, compassion and empathy. Studies assessing other intervention foci or other positive outcomes (including well-being, satisfaction) were of limited size and quality.
conclusionsThere is remarkably little evidence on how to improve GPs well-being beyond using mindfulness interventions, particularly for interventions addressing organisational or system factors. This was further undermined by inconsistent reporting, and overall high risk of bias. We need to conduct research in this space with the same rigour with which we approach clinical intervention studies in patients. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020164699. FUNDING SOURCE: Dr Diana Naehrig is funded through the Raymond Seidler PhD scholarship.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.