Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34407882›Full record

ArticleGenome medicine2021

X-CNV: genome-wide prediction of the pathogenicity of copy number variations.

Li Zhang, Jingru Shi, Jian Ouyang, Riquan Zhang, Yiran Tao, Dongsheng Yuan, Chengkai Lv, Ruiyuan Wang, Baitang Ning, Ruth Roberts and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
10.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Genetic analysis of neurodegenerative diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Copy Number Variant Duplications Associated with Essential Tremor.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
    Article
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  7. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Li Zhang *Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Jingru Shi *Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Jian Ouyang *Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Riquan ZhangSchool of Statistics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
Yiran TaoCenter for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Dongsheng YuanCenter for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Chengkai LvCenter for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Ruiyuan WangCenter for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Baitang NingNational Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
Ruth RobertsApconiX Ltd, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, SK10 4TG, UK.
Weida TongNational Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA. weida.tong@fda.hhs.gov.
Zhichao LiuNational Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA. Zhichao.liu@fda.hhs.gov.
Tieliu ShiCenter for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China. tlshi@bio.ecnu.edu.cn.
East China Normal University · CNNational Center for Toxicological Research · USBeihang University · CNUniversity of Birmingham · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGene copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to genetic diversity and disease prevalence across populations. Substantial efforts have been made to decipher the relationship between CNVs and pathogenesis but with limited success.

resultsWe have developed a novel computational framework X-CNV ( www.unimd.org/XCNV ), to predict the pathogenicity of CNVs by integrating more than 30 informative features such as allele frequency (AF), CNV length, CNV type, and some deleterious scores. Notably, over 14 million CNVs across various ethnic groups, covering nearly 93% of the human genome, were unified to calculate the AF. X-CNV, which yielded area under curve (AUC) values of 0.96 and 0.94 in training and validation sets, was demonstrated to outperform other available tools in terms of CNV pathogenicity prediction. A meta-voting prediction (MVP) score was developed to quantitively measure the pathogenic effect, which is based on the probabilistic value generated from the XGBoost algorithm. The proposed MVP score demonstrated a high discriminative power in determining pathogenetic CNVs for inherited traits/diseases in different ethnic groups.

conclusionsThe ability of the X-CNV framework to quantitatively prioritize functional, deleterious, and disease-causing CNV on a genome-wide basis outperformed current CNV-annotation tools and will have broad utility in population genetics, disease-association studies, and diagnostic screening.

Indexed as

DNA Copy Number VariationsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseSoftwareAlgorithmsComputational BiologyDatabases, GeneticGenome-Wide Association StudyHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansMachine LearningROC CurveWeb BrowserWorkflowCopy number variationMachine learningNext-generation sequencingPathogenicityXGBoost

Identifiers

PMID34407882
PMCPMC8375180
OpenAlexW3193533319

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.