ArticleParasites & vectors2021
Detection of the Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Australia using molecular diagnostics and morphology.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- A time-varying geospatial model of habitat suitability for Japanese encephalitis virus vectors and vertebrate hosts in Australia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Genetic diversity and Wolbachia infection in the Japanese encephalitis virus vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus in the Republic of Korea.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- First detection of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Western Australia using molecular diagnostics and morphological identification.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Nuclear and mitochondrial population genetics of the Australasian arbovirus vector Culex annulirostris (Skuse) reveals strong geographic structure and cryptic species.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Molecular Identification of Species Belonging to Culex vishnui Subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae), Vectors of Japanese Encephalitis Virus, in Taiwan.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- A scoping review of evidence of naturally occurring Japanese encephalitis infection in vertebrate animals other than humans, ardeid birds and pigs.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Insights from multigene analysis: first report of a Southeast Asian Mosquito, Aedes (Mucidus) laniger (Diptera: Culicidae) on Jeju Island from Korea.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Population Genetics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Türkiye.Acta parasitologica · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial and microbial diversity of the invasive mosquito vector speciesWellcome open research · 2024Article
- New Detection of Locally Acquired Japanese Encephalitis Virus Using Clinical Metagenomics, New South Wales, Australia.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Shift in dominant genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus and its impact on current vaccination strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Three Aedes species infested by mermithids in France.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2023Article
- Plasma-derived exosomal miRNA as potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of vector-borne diseases: A review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus: The Emergence of Genotype IV in Australia and Its Potential Endemicity.Viruses · 2022Review
- Molecular detection and characterisation of the first Japanese encephalitis virus belonging to genotype IV acquired in Australia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- The Emergence of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Australia in 2022: Existing Knowledge of Mosquito Vectors.Viruses · 2022Review
- Two hidden taxa in the Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and the potential for long-distance migration from overseas to Japan.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- The Emergence of Japanese Encephalitis in Australia and the Implications for a Vaccination Strategy.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- The Ecology and Evolution of Japanese Encephalitis Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCulex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus is an important vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) affecting feral pigs, native mammals and humans. The mosquito species is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia, Africa and Europe, and thought to be absent in Australia.
methodsIn February and May, 2020 the Medical Entomology unit of the Northern Territory (NT) Top End Health Service collected Cx. tritaeniorhynchus female specimens (n = 19) from the Darwin and Katherine regions. Specimens were preliminarily identified morphologically as the Vishnui subgroup in subgenus Culex. Molecular identification was performed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) barcoding, including sequence percentage identity using BLAST and tree-based identification using maximum likelihood analysis in the IQ-TREE software package. Once identified using COI, specimens were reanalysed for diagnostic morphological characters to inform a new taxonomic key to related species from the NT.
resultsSequence percentage analysis of COI revealed that specimens from the NT shared 99.7% nucleotide identity to a haplotype of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus from Dili, Timor-Leste. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the NT specimens formed a monophyletic clade with other Cx. tritaeniorhynchus from Southeast Asia and the Middle East. We provide COI barcodes for most NT species from the Vishnui subgroup to aid future identifications, including the first genetic sequences for Culex (Culex) crinicauda and the undescribed species Culex (Culex) sp. No. 32 of Marks. Useful diagnostic morphological characters were identified and are presented in a taxonomic key to adult females to separate Cx. tritaeniorhynchus from other members of the Vishnui subgroup from the NT.
conclusionsWe report the detection of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in Australia from the Darwin and Katherine regions of the NT. The vector is likely to be already established in northern Australia, given the wide geographical spread throughout the Top End of the NT. The establishment of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in Australia is a concern to health officials as the species is an important vector of JEV and is now the sixth species from the subgenus Culex capable of vectoring JEV in Australia. We suggest that the species must now be continuously monitored during routine mosquito surveillance programmes to determine its current geographical spread and prevent the potential transmission of exotic JEV throughout Australia.
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