ArticleParasites & vectors2021
Estimating the impact of Tiny Targets in reducing the incidence of Gambian sleeping sickness in the North-west Uganda focus.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transmission and cost-effectiveness modelling to estimate the progress towards elimination and future strategy optimisation for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Xeno-monitoring the impact of Vector Control on trypanosome transmission in the Forecariah sleeping sickness focus (Guinea).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Addressing historical biases and the limits of biomedical commodities in vector-borne disease control in Africa.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Unlocking the blueprint to eliminating neglected tropical diseases: A review of efforts in 50 countries that have eliminated at least 1 NTD.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Bold strides towards the elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) as a public health problem-A case study of Angola.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Patterns of microbiome composition in tsetse flyMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Impact of a national tsetse control programme to eliminate Gambian sleeping sickness in Uganda: a spatiotemporal modelling study.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- National capacity strengthening within the context of an international vector control partnership: findings from a qualitative study conducted within the Ugandan 'Tiny Targets' programme.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Monitoring progress towards the 2021-2030 WHO road map targets.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Comparison of stochastic and deterministic models for gambiense sleeping sickness at different spatial scales: A health area analysis in the DRC.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Livestock, pathogens, vectors, and their environment: A causal inference-based approach to estimating the pathway-specific effect of livestock on human African trypanosomiasis risk.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- The effect of livestock density on Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense: A causal inference-based approach.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Scaling up of tsetse control to eliminate Gambian sleeping sickness in northern Uganda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- 'Where are the dead flies!': perceptions of local communities towards the deployment of Tiny Targets to control tsetse in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.BMJ global health · 2022Article
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11 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRiverine species of tsetse (Glossina) transmit Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which causes Gambian human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT), a neglected tropical disease. Uganda aims to eliminate gHAT as a public health problem through detection and treatment of human cases and vector control. The latter is being achieved through the deployment of 'Tiny Targets', insecticide-impregnated panels of material which attract and kill tsetse. We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of gHAT in Uganda during the period 2010-2019 to assess whether Tiny Targets have had an impact on disease incidence.
methodsTo quantify the deployment of Tiny Targets, we mapped the rivers and their associated watersheds in the intervention area. We then categorised each of these on a scale of 0-3 according to whether Tiny Targets were absent (0), present only in neighbouring watersheds (1), present in the watersheds but not all neighbours (2), or present in the watershed and all neighbours (3). We overlaid all cases that were diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 and assessed whether the probability of finding cases in a watershed changed following the deployment of targets. We also estimated the number of cases averted through tsetse control.
resultsWe found that following the deployment of Tiny Targets in a watershed, there were fewer cases of HAT, with a sampled error probability of 0.007. We estimate that during the intervention period 2012-2019 we should have expected 48 cases (95% confidence intervals = 40-57) compared to the 36 cases observed. The results are robust to a range of sensitivity analyses.
conclusionsTiny Targets have reduced the incidence of gHAT by 25% in north-western Uganda.
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