ArticleBMC cancer2021
Influence of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus infection on macrophage migration inhibitory factor and macrophage polarization in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Article in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The ubiquitin-proteasome system is an important driver of EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression: a meta-analysis of transcriptomic data.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Roles of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Signaling Pathway in Oncovirus Infection and Virus-Associated Cancers.Viruses · 2025Review
- Inactivation of Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase 1 enhances the proliferation and motility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.Molecular & cellular oncology · 2025Article
- Targeting Microbe-Mediated Macrophage Education: A Novel Paradigm in Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
- Tracking HPV Infection, Associated Cancer Development, and Recent Treatment Efforts-A Comprehensive Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Virus infection pattern imprinted and diversified the differentiation of T-cell memory in transcription and function.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Human Papillomavirus-Related Carcinomas of the Sinonasal Tract.Current otorhinolaryngology reports · 2022Article
- Identification and validation of an immunological microenvironment signature and prediction model for epstein-barr virus positive lymphoma: Implications for immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo assess the effects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on the tumor microenvironment, we examined the relationship between viral infection status, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and tumor-associated macrophages in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
methodsA tissue microarray containing 150 cores from 90 patients with NPC and six with chronic inflammation was used. EBV and HPV status were detected using in situ hybridization with commercial EBER1 and HPV16/18 probes. Immunofluorescence double staining of MIF, pan-macrophage marker CD68, M1 macrophage marker CD11c, and M2 macrophage marker CD163 were analyzed using the same tissue microarray. The levels of these markers between NPC and inflammation cases and between tumor nests and stroma were compared. Correlations among these markers were analyzed.
resultsWe found EBER1(+) cases in 90% of NPC patients, including 10% EBV/HPV co-infection. M1 macrophages mainly infiltrated the tumor nest, while M2 macrophages infiltrated the tumor stroma. We found a significant positive correlation between EBER1 levels and MIF levels in tumor nests and a significant positive correlation between HPV16/18 and CD11c(+) cell levels in NPC tissues.
conclusionsIt is suggested that MIF is associated with EBV, and M1 macrophage infiltration is affected by HPV status in NPC.
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