Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34407644›Full record

ArticleCephalalgia : an international journal of headache2021

A national Swedish case-control study investigating incidence and factors associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Anna Sundholm, Sarah Burkill, Elisabet Waldenlind, Shahram Bahmanyar, A Ingela M Nilsson Remahl

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Anna SundholmDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Neurology, 59562Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sarah BurkillSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, 37580National University of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Elisabet WaldenlindDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Neurology, 59562Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Shahram BahmanyarCentre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Centre for Phychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
A Ingela M Nilsson RemahlDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Neurology, 59562Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Karolinska Institutet · SEKarolinska University Hospital · SENational University of Singapore · SG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo study the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Sweden and to explore whether previously proposed risk factors are associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension by investigating the odds of exposure one year prior to diagnosis in patients compared to controls.

methodsUsing Swedish health care registers and validated diagnostic algorithms, idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients diagnosed between 2000-2016 were compared with randomly selected matched controls, five from the general population and five with obesity.

resultsWe identified 902 idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and 4510 matched individuals in each control group. Mean incidence among inhabitants ≥18 years of age was 0.71 per 100,000; rising from 0.53 in 2000-2005 to 0.95 in 2012-2016. There were increased odds for idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients compared to general population for exposure to: kidney failure (odds ratio =13.2 (4.1-42.0)), arterial hypertension (odds ratio =17.5 (10.5-29.3)), systemic lupus erythematosus (odds ratio =13.8 (4.3-44.7)), tetracyclines, sulphonamides, lithium, and corticosteroids. In obese controls, odds ratios were also significantly increased for these exposures. Hormonal contraceptive use and exposure to pregnancy did not appear to be associated factors for idiopathic intracranial hypertension development.

conclusionsThe incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Sweden is lower relative to reports from other countries but is on the rise. This case-control study confirms several previously reported risk factors associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Indexed as

Intracranial HypertensionPseudotumor CerebriCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceObesityPregnancySwedencase-control studyIdiopathic intracranial hypertensionincidencepseudotumor cerebri syndromerisk factors

Identifiers

PMID34407644
PMCPMC8619724
OpenAlexW3195984847

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.