Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34407631›Full record

ArticlePsychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)2022

Telehealth Adoption by Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Jonathan Cantor, Ryan K McBain, Aaron Kofner, Russell Hanson, Bradley D Stein, Hao Yu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Telehealth Use and Health Equity for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  6. Geographic Access to Mental Health Facilities for People with Disabilities.The journal of mental health policy and economics · 2026
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  16. Trends in mental health care utilization in rural and nonrural areas, 2019-2023.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jonathan CantorRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California (Cantor, Hanson), Boston (McBain), Arlington, Virginia (Kofner), and Pittsburgh (Stein); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Yu).
Ryan K McBainRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California (Cantor, Hanson), Boston (McBain), Arlington, Virginia (Kofner), and Pittsburgh (Stein); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Yu).
Aaron KofnerRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California (Cantor, Hanson), Boston (McBain), Arlington, Virginia (Kofner), and Pittsburgh (Stein); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Yu).
Russell HansonRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California (Cantor, Hanson), Boston (McBain), Arlington, Virginia (Kofner), and Pittsburgh (Stein); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Yu).
Bradley D SteinRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California (Cantor, Hanson), Boston (McBain), Arlington, Virginia (Kofner), and Pittsburgh (Stein); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Yu).
Hao YuRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California (Cantor, Hanson), Boston (McBain), Arlington, Virginia (Kofner), and Pittsburgh (Stein); Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston (Yu).

Funding

Distribution of Child Mental Health Workforce and Health Care for Children with AutismR01MH112760 · NIMH · RAND CORPORATION · PI YU, HAO · 2017 to 2020
$1.5M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH112760
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe study examined temporal and geographic trends in telehealth availability at U.S. behavioral health treatment facilities and risk factors for not offering telehealth.

methodsLongitudinal data on 15,691 outpatient behavioral health treatment facilities were extracted daily from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator between January 20, 2020, and January 20, 2021. Facilities operated by the Department of Veterans Affairs were excluded. Bivariate analyses were used to assess trends in telehealth availability in 2020 and 2021. Multivariable regression analysis was used to examine facility- and county-level characteristics associated with telehealth availability in 2021.

resultsTelehealth availability increased by 77% from 2020 to 2021 for mental health treatment facilities and by 143% for substance use disorder treatment facilities. By January 2021, 68% of outpatient mental health facilities and 57% of substance use disorder treatment facilities in the sample were offering telehealth. Mental health and substance use disorder treatment facilities that did not accept Medicaid as a form of payment were less likely to offer telehealth in 2021, compared with facilities that accepted Medicaid. Mental health and substance use disorder treatment facilities that accepted private insurance were more likely to offer telehealth in 2021, compared with facilities that did not accept private insurance.

conclusionsAlthough 2020 saw a dramatic increase in telehealth availability at behavioral health treatment facilities, 32% of mental health treatment facilities and 43% of substance use disorder treatment facilities did not offer telehealth in January 2021, nearly 1 year into the pandemic.

Indexed as

COVID-19Substance-Related DisordersTelemedicineHumansMental HealthPandemicsUnited StatesCoronavirus/COVID-19Drug abuseMental health systems/hospitalsTelehealth

Identifiers

PMID34407631
PMCPMC10695271

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.