Trial reportBlood2021
Measurable residual disease does not preclude prolonged progression-free survival in CLL treated with ibrutinib.
Trial report in Blood, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Re-emergence of circulating non-malignant B cells as a prognostic biomarker in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Review
- [Long-term outcomes of first-line iFCR regimen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and the role of MRD].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2026Article
- Developing MRD as an early endpoint for accelerated approval in CLL.Seminars in hematology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Minimal Residual Disease Measurement in the Management of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Cancers · 2025Review
- Co-expression of CD69, CD49d, CD279 and CD20 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells is a new biomarker of active disease before or under therapy.Haematologica · 2025Article
- Challenges in analyzing clinical trials testing Bruton tyrosine-kinase-inhibitora in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.Leukemia · 2024Review
- Review
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Time-Limited Therapy in the First-Line Setting and Role of Minimal Residual Disease.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Measurable Residual Disease Monitoring in Lymphoma.Current hematologic malignancy reports · 2023Review
- Review
- Measurable Residual Disease in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Current Understanding and Evolving Role in Clinical Practice.Current treatment options in oncology · 2023Review
- Utility of Measurable Residual Disease (MRD) Assessment in Mantle Cell Lymphoma.Current treatment options in oncology · 2023Review
- Unresolved questions in selection of therapies for treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Utility of measurable residual disease for predicting treatment outcomes with BCR- and BCL2-Targeted therapies in patients with CLL.Leukemia & lymphoma · 2022Article
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment algorithm 2022.Blood cancer journal · 2022Review
- Article
- Revealing a Phenotypical Appearance of Ibrutinib Resistance in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia by Flow Cytometry.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 15 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
E1912 was a randomized phase 3 trial comparing indefinite ibrutinib plus 6 cycles of rituximab (IR) to 6 cycles of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) in untreated younger patients with CLL. We describe measurable residual disease (MRD) levels in E1912 over time and correlate them with clinical outcome. Undetectable MRD rates (<1 CLL cell per 104 leukocytes) were 29.1%, 30.3%, 23.4%, and 8.6% at 3, 12, 24, and 36 months for FCR, and significantly lower at 7.9%, 4.2%, and 3.7% at 12, 24, and 36 months for IR, respectively. Undetectable MRD at 3, 12, 24, and 36 months was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) in the FCR arm, with hazard ratios (MRD detectable/MRD undetectable) of 4.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89-9.71), 3.91 (95% CI, 1.39-11.03), 14.12 (95% CI, 1.78-111.73), and not estimable (no events among those with undetectable MRD), respectively. In the IR arm, patients with detectable MRD did not have significantly worse PFS compared with those in whom MRD was undetectable; however, PFS was longer in those with MRD levels <10-1 than in those with MRD levels above this threshold. Our observations provide additional support for the use of MRD as a surrogate end point for PFS in patients receiving FCR. In patients on indefinite ibrutinib-based therapy, PFS did not differ significantly by undetectable MRD status, whereas those with MRD <10-1 tended to have longer PFS, although continuation of ibrutinib would very likely be necessary to maintain treatment efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.