ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2021
Higher Concentrations of Bacterial Enveloped Virus Phi6 Can Protect the Virus from Environmental Decay.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal efficacy of non-porous materials using small droplet transfer: the simulated splash method.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 bioaerosol transmission in experimentally infected American mink.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In Vitro Efficacy of Foam Hand Sanitizers Against Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Optimization of An Enveloped Virus Surrogate, Bacteriophage Phi6, Recovery from Hands.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- The role of ion dissolution in metal and metal oxide surface inactivation of SARS-CoV-2.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Fluoride anodic films on stainless-steel fomites to reduce transmission infections.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and its surrogate, bacteriophage Phi6, on surfaces and in water.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Surface Inactivation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate with Hypochlorous Acid is Impacted by Surface Type, Contact Time, Inoculum Matrix, and Concentration.Food and environmental virology · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Grignard Pure to Inactivate Airborne Phage MS2, a Common SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces and relevance to the food industry.Current opinion in food science · 2022Review
- Comparison of Surface Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta Variants on Stainless Steel at 4°C and 24°C.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Factors Impacting Persistence of Phi6 Bacteriophage, an Enveloped Virus Surrogate, on Fomite Surfaces.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- SARS Wars: the Fomites Strike Back.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Viricidal Efficacy of a 405-nm Environmental Decontamination System for Inactivation of Bacteriophage Phi6: Surrogate for SARS-CoV-2.Photochemistry and photobiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phage Phi6 is an enveloped virus considered a possible nonpathogenic surrogate for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viral pathogens in transmission studies. Larger input amounts of bacteriophage Phi6 are shown to delay and protect the phage from environmental decay, both when the phages are dried in plastic tubes and when they are stored in saline solution at 4°C. In contrast, when bacteriophage Phi6 is placed in LB (Luria-Bertani) growth medium (instead of saline) prior to placement on the plastic surface, the influence of the starting concentration on viral recovery is negligible. Protection is reflected in the phage half-lives at higher concentrations being longer than the half-lives at lower concentrations. Because experiments supporting the possibility of fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses rely upon the survival of infectious virus following inoculation onto various surfaces, large initial amounts of input virus on a surface may generate artificially inflated survival times compared to realistic lower levels of virus that a subject would normally encounter. This is not only because there are extra half-lives to go through at higher concentrations but also because the half-lives themselves are extended at higher virus concentrations. It is important to design surface drying experiments for pathogens with realistic levels of input virus and to consider the role of the carrier and matrix if the results are to be clinically relevant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.