SynthesisPsychopharmacology2022
The adverse events of ibogaine in humans: an updated systematic review of the literature (2015-2020).
Synthesis in Psychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying setting factors associated with improved ibogaine safety: a systematic review of clinical studies.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Adverse events in clinical treatments with serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA: A mixed-methods systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Rare but relevant: Ibogaine and cardiovascular complications-prolonged QT interval and ventricular arrhythmias.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Review
- Development of Bioisosteres of Iboga Alkaloids: A Step-Economical Synthesis to Enhance the Antinociceptive and Anxiolytic Activity with Neuroprotective Effects.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Review
- Indole Alkaloids as Biased Opioid Receptor Modulators.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- 5-MeO-DMT: An atypical psychedelic with unique pharmacology, phenomenology & risk?Psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular effects and safety of classic psychedelics.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Self-reported experiences and perspectives on using psychedelics to manage opioid use among participants of two Reddit communities.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Harnessing Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Research on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibogaine in opioid use disorder patients.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Magnesium-ibogaine therapy in veterans with traumatic brain injuries.Nature medicine · 2024Observational
- Psychedelic therapies reconsidered: compounds, clinical indications, and cautious optimism.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Gram-Scale Total Synthesis of (±)-Ibogamine.Organic letters · 2023Article
- Ibogaine and Their Analogs as Therapeutics for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2022Article
- Drug Transporters ABCB1 (P-gp) and OATP, but not Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme CYP3A4, Affect the Pharmacokinetics of the Psychoactive Alkaloid Ibogaine and its Metabolites.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextIbogaine is the main alkaloid of the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. It produces hallucinogenic and psychostimulant effects, but it is currently known for the anti-addictive properties. Despite the potential therapeutic effects, several cases of fatalities and serious adverse events related to ibogaine/noribogaine use can be found in the literature. Most studies consist in case reports or were conducted under non-controlled settings, so causation cannot be clearly established.
objectivesTo update (2015-2020) the literature on the adverse events and fatalities associated with ibogaine/noribogaine administration.
methodsSystematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
resultsEighteen studies were included in the final selection. Highly heterogeneous results were found in terms of kind of product used or the known dosages. The adverse events were classified in acute effects (< 24 h), mainly cardiac (the most common was QTc prolongation), gastrointestinal, neurological, and clinical alterations, and long-lasting effects (> 24 h), mainly persistent cardiac alterations, psychiatric, and neurological signs.
conclusionsThere is a high need of phase I clinical trials that can describe the safety of different dosages of ibogaine with standardized products. Further research should perform clinical profiling of vulnerable populations, and design effective screening methods and clinical procedures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.