ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Intravenous Injection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccine Can Induce Acute Myopericarditis in Mouse Model.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myocarditis and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-summary of cases.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Pooled it
- Microfluidics-mediated spatial control of mRNA lipid nanoparticles primes translation and enhances vaccine potency.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Efficiency and immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticle-mediated cardiac mRNA delivery are lipid composition-dependent.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccines engage unconventional pathways in CD8Nature · 2026Article
- Inhibition of CXCL10 and IFN-γ ameliorates myocarditis in preclinical models of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake and Myocarditis and/or Pericarditis Complications Among Chinese and South Asian Individuals in Ontario.CJC open · 2025Article
- Combined Adaptive Immune Mechanisms Mediate Cardiac Injury After COVID-19 Vaccination.Circulation · 2025Article
- Low-inflammatory lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine elicits protective immunity against H5N1 influenza virus with reduced adverse reactions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Impact of administration routes and dose frequency on the toxicology of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in mice model.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Advancing Myocarditis Research: Evaluating Animal Models for Enhanced Pathophysiological Insights.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Exploring ceRNA mechanisms in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced myocarditis: implications for future vaccine design.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A review of the scientific literature on experimental toxicity studies of COVID-19 vaccines, with special attention to publications in toxicology journals.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
- Endurance Exercise Does Not Exacerbate Cardiac Inflammation in BALB/c Mice Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Toxicologic Pathology Forum: mRNA Vaccine Safety-Separating Fact From Fiction.Toxicologic pathology · 2024Article
- Immune Responses Induced by a RecombinantViruses · 2024Article
- Myocarditis associated with COVID-19 vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
- Carrier-free mRNA vaccine induces robust immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and non-human primates without systemic reactogenicity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Review
- Cytokine and chemokine profiles in ulcerative colitis relapse after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPost-vaccination myopericarditis is reported after immunization with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. The effect of inadvertent intravenous injection of this vaccine on the heart is unknown.
methodsWe compared the clinical manifestations, histopathological changes, tissue mRNA expression, and serum levels of cytokine/chemokine and troponin in Balb/c mice at different time points after intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) vaccine injection with normal saline (NS) control.
resultsAlthough significant weight loss and higher serum cytokine/chemokine levels were found in IM group at 1-2 days post-injection (dpi), only IV group developed histopathological changes of myopericarditis as evidenced by cardiomyocyte degeneration, apoptosis, and necrosis with adjacent inflammatory cell infiltration and calcific deposits on visceral pericardium, although evidence of coronary artery or other cardiac pathologies was absent. Serum troponin level was significantly higher in IV group. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike antigen expression by immunostaining was occasionally found in infiltrating immune cells of the heart or injection site, in cardiomyocytes and intracardiac vascular endothelial cells, but not skeletal myocytes. The histological changes of myopericarditis after the first IV-priming dose persisted for 2 weeks and were markedly aggravated by a second IM- or IV-booster dose. Cardiac tissue mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α increased significantly from 1 dpi to 2 dpi in the IV group but not the IM group, compatible with presence of myopericarditis in the IV group. Ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes was consistently found in the IV group. All other organs appeared normal.
conclusionsThis study provided in vivo evidence that inadvertent intravenous injection of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines may induce myopericarditis. Brief withdrawal of syringe plunger to exclude blood aspiration may be one possible way to reduce such risk.
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