ReviewIndian journal of pediatrics2021
The Auxological and Metabolic Consequences for Children Born Small for Gestational Age.
Review in Indian journal of pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and factors associated with preterm small-for-gestational-age neonates: a multi-center survey in China.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- [Incidence of small for gestational age infants among singleton live births and analysis of risk factors].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Article
- Obesity and Overweight-Practical Management for Indian Setting.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Identification of risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in twins: a case-control matching analysis of over ten-years' experience.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Comparison of singleton and twin birth weight reference percentile curves by gestational age and sex in extremely preterm infants: a population-based study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Role of ghrelin in promoting catch-up growth and maintaining metabolic homeostasis in small-for-gestational-age infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Endocrine and metabolic disorders in adolescent and adult patients born small for gestational age.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2023Article
- Secular trends of low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age in Shanghai from 2004 to 2020: an age-period-cohort analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Nutritional status of a group of polish children with FASD: A retrospective study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Growth Failure and Obesity-The Twin Epidemic.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Investigation of newborn blood metabolomics in varying intrauterine growth conditions.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
'Small for gestational age' (SGA) is an auxological and not an etiological definition that characterizes children born small based upon low-birth-weight and/or birth-length criteria [≥ 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for gestational age]. Most SGA children exhibit catch-up growth into the normal range within 6 mo of age. Overall SGA children are 4 cm shorter than expected based upon midparental height and being born SGA is a common cause of adult short stature. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been shown to improve adult height by 0.9 SDs and is a safe treatment. Surprisingly, a higher rhGH dose (67 μgm/kg/d) did not lead to a greater adult height than a conventional dose (33 μgm/kg/d). At least 85% of SGA children treated through childhood with rhGH achieve a height within the normal adult range. Other long-term consequences for children born SGA include insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional studies have found reduced insulin sensitivity in the neonatal, childhood, and young adult periods. Increased abdominal fat has been shown in preschool SGA children and is more evident in young adults. Increased adiposity markedly accentuates reduction in insulin sensitivity. Many SGA children have suffered from in utero nutritional restriction that leads to long-term growth restriction and adverse metabolic sequelae.
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