ArticleOman medical journal2021
The Relationship between Smoking and Sublingual Varices in the Elderly.
Article in Oman medical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sublingual varices as predictor of factors associated with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review with meta-analysis.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship between sublingual varices and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Traditional Chinese medicine-based visual assessment of tongue features associated with current cancer vs. no cancer history: a matched case-control study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Is there any difference based on sublingual varices frequency between hypertensive patients and healthy persons?BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Improving Genetic Association Studies with a Novel Methodology that Unveils the Hidden Complexity of All-Cause Heart Failure.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- The relative area score for sublingual varices reliability measurement: a diagnostic study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Sublingual Varices Prevalence and Its Respective Factors in Two Iranian Nursing Homes in 2019.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2022Article
- The Association Between Sublingual Varices and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.Vascular health and risk management · 2022Article
- Hypertension and other etiological risk factors associated with the sublingual varices: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe investigated the existence of any connection between smoking and sublingual varices (SLV) in the older population.
methodsThis case-control study was conducted in 2019 on adults > 65 years old at Kahrizak Charity Nursing Home, Alborz, Iran. We conducted clinical examination and inspection of 222 elderly patients. Both the case group and control group contained the same number of patients (n = 111). SLV were classified as grade 0 (few or none visible) and grade 1 (moderate or severe). The case group included patients with SLV and the control group consisted of those older adults without SLV and who were matched with the case group based on age, gender, blood pressure, denture wearing, and varicose veins in their legs. Cigarette smoking habits were investigated in both groups. Smokers were considered those who smoked at least one cigarette per day for more than six months. Chi-square and odds ratio (OR) were used to statistically analyze the exposure of participants to smoking in both groups.
resultsAmong 222 participants, 21.6% and 5.4% were smokers in the case and control groups, respectively. The results of our data analysis revealed that SLV were significantly associated with smoking (p < 0.001, OR = 4).
conclusionsElderly patients with SLV are more likely to be cigarette smokers. Therefore, cigarette smoking cessation programs are recommended for older adults in society.
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