ArticleScientific reports2021
Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro by suppressing its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, via aryl-hydrocarbon receptor signal.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human genetic factors associated with pneumonia risk, a cue for COVID-19 susceptibility.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Nationwide cross-sectional study results on long-term care and SARS-CoV-2 infection among older adults in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 enzymes in acute lung injury: from molecular insights to therapeutic implications.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2025Review
- Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor dysregulation and its correlation with immunomodulatory markers in COVID-19 patients.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Differential Effects of the Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitor on the Cellular Response to Radiation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The role of the AHR in host-pathogen interactions.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Deciphering Factors Linked With Reduced Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Susceptibility in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Protective Effect of Indole-3-Aldehyde in Murine COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- ACE2 mediates tryptophan alleviation on diarrhea by repairing intestine barrier involved mTOR pathway.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Article
- Repurposing screen identifies novel candidates for broad-spectrum coronavirus antivirals and druggable host targets.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Case-control study of behavioural and societal risk factors for sporadic SARS-CoV-2 infections, Germany, 2020-2021 (CoViRiS study).Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Article
- Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptors in infection and inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Live to die another day: novel insights may explain the pathophysiology behind smoker's paradox in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Smoking as a Risk or Protective Factor in Developing and Severity of COVID-19?Journal of acute medicine · 2023Article
- Cigarette smoke increases susceptibility of alveolar macrophages to SARS-CoV-2 infection through inducing reactive oxygen species-upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Current tobacco use and COVID-19 diagnoses in a cohort of adult clients of public dental clinics in Sweden.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Association Between Tobacco Use and Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Clinical Outcomes in Sweden: A Population-Based Study.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Gut-brain communication in COVID-19: molecular mechanisms, mediators, biomarkers, and therapeutics.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- A Review of the Potential Roles of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacological Approaches for the Management of Mild-to-Moderate Symptomatic COVID-19.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since understanding molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection is extremely important for developing effective therapies against COVID-19, we focused on the internalization mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 via ACE2. Although cigarette smoke is generally believed to be harmful to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) treatments were surprisingly found to suppress the expression of ACE2 in HepG2 cells. We thus tried to clarify the mechanism of CSE effects on expression of ACE2 in mammalian cells. Because RNA-seq analysis suggested that suppressive effects on ACE2 might be inversely correlated with induction of the genes regulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the AHR agonists 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) and omeprazole (OMP) were tested to assess whether those treatments affected ACE2 expression. Both FICZ and OMP clearly suppressed ACE2 expression in a dose-dependent manner along with inducing CYP1A1. Knock-down experiments indicated a reduction of ACE2 by FICZ treatment in an AHR-dependent manner. Finally, treatments of AHR agonists inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection into Vero E6 cells as determined with immunoblotting analyses detecting SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleocapsid protein. We here demonstrate that treatment with AHR agonists, including FICZ, and OMP, decreases expression of ACE2 via AHR activation, resulting in suppression of SARS-CoV-2 infection in mammalian cells.
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