ArticleNature communications2021
Protective humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist up to 1 year after recovery.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Long-term evaluation of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies in recovered patients: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- The Effects of Past COVID-19 and Vaccination on Antibody Levels, Cellular Immunity, and Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Identification of severity related mutation hotspots in SARS-CoV-2 using a density-based clustering approach.BioData mining · 2025Article
- Reduced IFN-γ-expressing SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Longitudinal analysis of humoral and cellular immunity in SARS-CoV-2 exposed families.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A repeated cross-sectional analysis of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Manila, the Philippines after implementation of the national COVID-19 vaccination program.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a pediatric surveillance study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in children seeking medical care in Seattle, WA June 2020 to December 2022.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 compromises blastocyst quality by modifying the ovarian microenvironment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Convalescent plasma therapy and long-term SARS-COV-2 antiviral immune response in a prospective cohort of patients with COVID-19.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- Durability of Functional SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunological Memory and T Cell Response up to 8-9 Months Postrecovery From COVID-19.Journal of immunology research · 2025Article
- Reduced immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the elderly after 6 months.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Enhanced and long-lasting SARS-CoV-2 immune memory in individuals with common cold coronavirus cross-reactive T cell immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after natural infection: insights from a study on Pasteur Institute of Tunis employees.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2024Article
- Obesity differs from diabetes mellitus in antibody and T-cell responses post-COVID-19 recovery.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- scParser: sparse representation learning for scalable single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis.Genome biology · 2024Article
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- Heterotypic immunity from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection but not COVID-19 vaccination associates with lower endemic coronavirus incidence.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
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24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has been launched worldwide to build effective population-level immunity to curb the spread of this virus. The effectiveness and duration of protective immunity is a critical factor for public health. Here, we report the kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 specific immune response in 204 individuals up to 1-year after recovery from COVID-19. RBD-IgG and full-length spike-IgG concentrations and serum neutralizing capacity decreases during the first 6-months, but is maintained stably up to 1-year after hospital discharge. Even individuals who had generated high IgG levels during early convalescent stages had IgG levels that had decreased to a similar level one year later. Notably, the RBD-IgG level positively correlates with serum neutralizing capacity, suggesting the representative role of RBD-IgG in predicting serum protection. Moreover, viral-specific cellular immune protection, including spike and nucleoprotein specific, persisted between 6 months and 12 months. Altogether, our study supports the persistence of viral-specific protective immunity over 1 year.
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