ArticleNature communications2021
SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and transmission efficiency is increased for airborne compared to fomite exposure in Syrian hamsters.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
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Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Wearing a Face Mask on Hand-to-Face Contact by Children in a Simulated School Environment: The Back-to-School COVID-19 Simulation Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2022Trial
- Exposure route, not dose, is the primary driver of infection patterns for a respiratory virus.Science advances · 2026Article
- A late-stage multi-dimensional intervention rescues lethal viral pneumonia in an aged hamster model.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Discontinuing contact precautions for COVID-19: the science says its time.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Intranasal replicating adenovirus type 4-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induce durable and efficacious responses in preclinical testing.iScience · 2026Article
- Intranasal immunization with live-attenuated RSV-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicits antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immunity and protects against viral challenge and natural infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Increased contact transmission of contemporary Human H5N1 compared to Bovine and Mountain Lion H5N1 in a hamster model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Exposure route drives SARS-CoV-2 infection patterns in non-human primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies enhance mucosal immunity against respiratory pathogens.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Intranasal Replicating Adenovirus type 4-SARS-CoV-2 Recombinants Induce Superior Immune Response Durability and Efficacy in Preclinical Testing Compared to Standard Intramuscular Vaccines.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Broad beta-CoV immunity and transmission blockade by a single-dose live-attenuated vaccine with atypical codon usage.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 variants: biology, pathogenicity, immunity and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Immunogenicity and efficacy of homologous and heterologous NDV and MVA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in mice and hamsters.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Mucosal Taï Forest virus infection causes disease in ferrets.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine OTS-228 demonstrates efficacy, safety, and stability in preclinical model.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Network-based virus dynamic simulation: Evaluating the fomite disinfection effectiveness on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor environment.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Evolution of Omicron lineage towards increased fitness in the upper respiratory tract in the absence of severe lung pathology.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Detrimental Effects of Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Reinfection, and the Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Compartmentalized SARS-CoV-2 Replication in the Upper vs Lower Respiratory Tract After Intranasal Inoculation or Aerosol Exposure.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Funding
Abstract
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is driven by contact, fomite, and airborne transmission. The relative contribution of different transmission routes remains subject to debate. Here, we show Syrian hamsters are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through intranasal, aerosol and fomite exposure. Different routes of exposure present with distinct disease manifestations. Intranasal and aerosol inoculation causes severe respiratory pathology, higher virus loads and increased weight loss. In contrast, fomite exposure leads to milder disease manifestation characterized by an anti-inflammatory immune state and delayed shedding pattern. Whereas the overall magnitude of respiratory virus shedding is not linked to disease severity, the onset of shedding is. Early shedding is linked to an increase in disease severity. Airborne transmission is more efficient than fomite transmission and dependent on the direction of the airflow. Carefully characterized SARS-CoV-2 transmission models will be crucial to assess potential changes in transmission and pathogenic potential in the light of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
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