ArticleBJGP open2021
Inequalities in the distribution of the general practice workforce in England: a practice-level longitudinal analysis.
Article in BJGP open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Socio-Demographic Inequalities in COVID-19 Health Care Access and Experiences in the United Kingdom: Intersectional and Mixed-Methods Analyses of Open and Closed Questions in a Prospective Cohort Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Deprivation scores and NHS practice payment trends in England 2018-2019 to 2023-2024:a multivariable analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Empowering health care staff to address health inequalities: A policy-focused evidence brief.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Strengthening integration of pathways into general practice in Australia: a virtual workshop study with stakeholders.BJGP open · 2026Article
- Article
- Counting general practitioners: a comparative repeat cross-sectional analysis of GPs in NHS general practice in England.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Consultations with locum doctors in UK general practice: longitudinal analysis of electronic health records.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Experiences of access to general practice in England: qualitative study and implications for the NHS 10 year plan.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Article
- Health service access for ethnically underrepresented communities: A scoping review of complex interventions.PloS one · 2026Article
- Understanding the contextual and causal factors shaping the work of receptionists in general practice: a realist review protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Spatial and temporal disparities in general practitioner provision: a 21-year longitudinal analysis from Lower Saxony, Germany.International journal of health geographics · 2025Article
- Disparities in the use of remote general practice consultations: learning from the COVID-19 pandemic, an analysis of 19 million electronic health records using OpenSAFELY.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Trends and inequalities of Human Resources for Health across 15 states/territories in Malaysia during 2010-2022.Human resources for health · 2025Article
- Trends in the shortfall of English NHS general practice doctors: repeat cross sectional study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Retaining doctors in organisations in socioeconomically deprived areas in England: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Burnout and staff experiences of health inequalities in children's hospitals: a qualitative analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Strengthening general practice will help improve longevity and could reduce health inequalities.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Interlinkage between health workforce availability and socioeconomic status in rural and remote Australia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Primary care stability as a social determinant.Frontiers in health services · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn England, demand for primary care services is increasing and GP shortages are widespread. Recently introduced primary care networks (PCNs) aim to expand the use of additional practice-based roles such as physician associates (PAs), pharmacists, paramedics, and others through financial incentives for recruitment of these roles. Inequalities in general practice, including additional roles, have not been examined in recent years, which is a meaningful gap in the literature. Previous research has found that workforce inequalities are associated with health outcome inequalities.
aimTo examine recent trends in general practice workforce inequalities. DESIGN &
settingA longitudinal study using quarterly General Practice Workforce datasets from 2015-2020 in England.
methodThe slope indices of inequality (SIIs) for GPs, nurses, total direct patient care (DPC) staff, PAs, pharmacists, and paramedics per 10 000 patients were calculated quarterly, and plotted over time, with and without adjustment for patient need.
resultsFewer GPs, total DPC staff, and paramedics per 10 000 patients were employed in more deprived areas. Conversely, more PAs and pharmacists per 10 000 patients were employed in more deprived areas. With the exception of total DPC staff, these observed inequalities widened over time. The unadjusted analysis showed more nurses per 10 000 patients employed in more deprived areas. These values were not significant after adjustment but approached a more equal or pro-poor distribution over time.
conclusionSignificant workforce inequalities exist and are even increasing for several key general practice roles, with workforce shortages disproportionately affecting more deprived areas. Policy solutions are urgently needed to ensure an equitably distributed workforce and reduce health inequities.
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