ArticleBMC psychology2021
Presenteeism and work ability: development of the Persian version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (P-SPS-6) and measurement of its psychometric properties.
Article in BMC psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measuring, valuing, and incorporating patient and caregiver productivity costs in economic evaluations: a scoping review and environmental scan.International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2026Article
- Relationships between nurses' perceived social support, emotional labor, presenteeism, and psychiatric distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Article
- Re-visiting the six-item Stanford presenteeism scale (SPS-6) and its psychometric properties.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Psychometric Properties of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) among Taiwanese Employees in Technology Companies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Persian version of the work design questionnaire: measurement of its psychometric characteristics.BMC psychology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPresenteeism is recognized in Iran's hospitals, however little research has been done to understand and tackle the phenomenon because of a lack of valid tools to measure presenteeism. This study aimed to develop a Persian version of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6) and measure its psychometric properties. Another goal was to examine the relationship between presenteeism and work ability using a sample of 250 nurses.
methodsThe forward-backward translation process and cross-cultural adaptation of the scale were performed according to a standard method. The psychometric properties of the scale were measured using face and content validity, construct validity based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and internal consistency. Work ability score (WAS) was used to assess discriminative validity and examine the relationship between presenteeism and work ability. Measures of Job Satisfaction and Emotional Exhaustion were used to assess convergent validity with the developed presenteeism scale.
resultsMean content validity index and content validity ratio were 1 and 0.93 respectively. CFA verified the two-dimensional structure of the scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.77. There were positive relationships between P-SPS-6 and Job Satisfaction, and P-SPS-6 and WAS. There was a significant negative relationship between P-SPS-6 and Emotional Exhaustion.
conclusionOur findings suggested that the P-SPS-6 had appropriate psychometric properties for studying presenteeism in employees using the Persian language. Given the negative relationship between presenteeism and work ability and the negative consequences associated with it, it is necessary to regularly evaluate this stressor and to emphasize purposeful intervention programs to control or reduce it.
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