Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34404478›Full record

ArticleActa neuropathologica communications2021

RIPK1 or RIPK3 deletion prevents progressive neuronal cell death and improves memory function after traumatic brain injury.

Antonia Clarissa Wehn, Igor Khalin, Marco Duering, Farida Hellal, Carsten Culmsee, Peter Vandenabeele, Nikolaus Plesnila, Nicole Angela Terpolilli

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Delayed necrostatin-1s infusion attenuates cystic white matter injury in preterm fetal sheep.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
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  14. RIPK1: A Promising Target for Intervention Neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Antonia Clarissa WehnInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
Igor KhalinInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
Marco DueringInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
Farida HellalInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
Carsten CulmseeInstitute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 2 K03, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
Peter VandenabeeleMolecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, UGent-VIB Research Building FSVM, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Nikolaus Plesnila *Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany. nikolaus.plesnila@med.uni-muenchen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-228X
Nicole Angela Terpolilli *Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany. nicole.terpolilli@med.uni-muenchen.de.
LMU Klinikum · DEGhent University · BEMunich Cluster for Systems Neurology · DEPhilipps University of Marburg · DEUniversity of Basel · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes acute and subacute tissue damage, but is also associated with chronic inflammation and progressive loss of brain tissue months and years after the initial event. The trigger and the subsequent molecular mechanisms causing chronic brain injury after TBI are not well understood. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the hypothesis that necroptosis, a form a programmed cell death mediated by the interaction of Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases (RIPK) 1 and 3, is involved in this process. Neuron-specific RIPK1- or RIPK3-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates were subjected to experimental TBI by controlled cortical impact. Posttraumatic brain damage and functional outcome were assessed longitudinally by repetitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and behavioral tests (beam walk, Barnes maze, and tail suspension), respectively, for up to three months after injury. Thereafter, brains were investigated by immunohistochemistry for the necroptotic marker phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase like protein(pMLKL) and activation of astrocytes and microglia. WT mice showed progressive chronic brain damage in cortex and hippocampus and increased levels of pMLKL after TBI. Chronic brain damage occurred almost exclusively in areas with iron deposits and was significantly reduced in RIPK1- or RIPK3-deficient mice by up to 80%. Neuroprotection was accompanied by a reduction of astrocyte and microglia activation and improved memory function. The data of the current study suggest that progressive chronic brain damage and cognitive decline after TBI depend on the expression of RIPK1/3 in neurons. Hence, inhibition of necroptosis signaling may represent a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of chronic post-traumatic brain damage.

Indexed as

AnimalsAstrocytesBrainBrain Injuries, TraumaticBrain Injury, ChronicCerebral CortexHindlimb SuspensionHippocampusMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaze LearningMemoryMiceMice, KnockoutMicrogliaNecroptosisNeuronsMLKL protein, mouseProtein KinasesReceptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine KinasesRipk1 protein, mouseRipk3 protein, mouseChronic posttraumatic brain damageFerroptosisMagnetic resonance imagingNecroptosisNeuroprotectionTraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID34404478
PMCPMC8369637
OpenAlexW3195003360

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.