ArticleChiropractic & manual therapies2021
Sonographic evaluation of the degree of medial meniscal extrusion during Thessaly test in healthy knees.
Article in Chiropractic & manual therapies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Medial Meniscal Extrusion: A Narrative Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2026Review
- Physiologic Medial Meniscal Extrusion With Loading and Flexion Detected by Ultrasound.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Ultrasound quantification of knee meniscal extrusion: the potential of weight-bearing and dynamic evaluations. A systematic review.EFORT open reviews · 2025Article
- Assessment of meniscal extrusion with ultrasonography: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Knee surgery & related research · 2024Article
- Insufficient restoration of meniscal extrusion by transtibial pullout repair for medial meniscus posterior root tears.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe Thessaly test is a commonly used orthopedic test for meniscus tear evaluation. The study's objective is to evaluate the degree of medial meniscal extrusion during different loading phases of the Thessaly test.
methodsA convenience sample of 60 healthy knees (35 participants) was examined and the data sets were collected from October 8, 2018 through February 8, 2019. Sonographic measurement of the degree of physiologic extrusion of the medial meniscus deep to the medial collateral ligament was taken by two examiners at six different loading phases: supine, standing, 5° knee-flexion with internal (IR)/external (ER) rotation and 20° knee-flexion with IR/ER. The difference in meniscal extrusion by knee position was compared with ANOVA. Interexaminer reproducibility assessment was analyzed using limits of agreement.
resultsThe mean meniscal extrusion for each position was-supine: 2.3 ± 0.5 mm, standing: 2.8 ± 0.8 mm, 5° IR: 2.3 ± 0.9 mm, 5° ER: 2.4 ± 0.7 mm, 20° IR: 1.9 ± 0.8 mm, and 20° ER: 2.3 ± 0.7 mm. Significant increase in extrusion was observed from supine to standing (p < 0.05) and from 20° IR to 20° ER (p = 0.015). Significant decreased measurement was observed from standing to 5° IR (p < 0.05), 5° ER (p < 0.05), 20° IR (p < 0.05) and 20° ER (p < 0.05). There is no significant change between 5° IR and 5° ER (p = 1.0). Agreement parameters revealed that the differences between examiner measurements were minimal; 75% of both examiners' meniscal extrusion measurements were within 1.0 mm with 97% of measurements falling within 2.0 mm.
conclusionOur study's novel findings showed various degrees of physiological extrusion of the medial meniscus in asymptomatic knees during the loading phases involved in the Thessaly test. Physiological MME does exist and should not be defaulted to pathologic meniscus as previously described. Agreement parameters suggest that measurement of meniscal extrusion during the Thessaly test is reproducible between different examiners.
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