Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34403870›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors2021

Associations between simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use and next-day negative affect among young adults: The role of sex and trait anxiety.

Ashley N Linden-Carmichael, Anna K Hochgraf, Renee M Cloutier, Samuel W Stull, Stephanie T Lanza

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Early-day psychosocial predictors of later-day simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use among college-attending young adults.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ashley N Linden-CarmichaelThe Pennsylvania State University, USA. Electronic address: ALindenCarmichael@psu.edu.
Anna K HochgrafThe Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Renee M CloutierThe Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Samuel W StullThe Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Stephanie T LanzaThe Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Pennsylvania State University · US

Funding

Pilot, Mentoring, and Professional Development CoreP50DA039838 · NIDA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI COLLINS, LINDA M · 2015 to 2019
$13.9M
PREVENTION AND METHODOLOGY TRAINING (PAMT)T32DA017629 · NIDA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI Eric D Claus, Rina D Eiden · 2005 to 2026
$9.5M
Simultaneous Alcohol and Marijuana Use: Momentary Influences and ConsequencesK01AA026854 · NIAAA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI LINDEN-CARMICHAEL, ASHLEY NICOLE · 2019 to 2023
$826k
Comorbidity Between Body Dissatisfaction and Substance Use: A Daily Diary Study of Alcohol, Nicotine Vaping, and Cigarette Use Among Young AdultsF31DA051118 · NIDA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI HOCHGRAF, ANNA K · 2020 to 2021
$69k
NIAAA NIH HHS K01 AA026854NIDA NIH HHS F31 DA051118NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA039838NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA017629
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsThe simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis ("simultaneous alcohol and marijuana [SAM] use") is common among young adults and associated with negative substance-related consequences. SAM use may be tied to fluctuating mood states such as negative affect and individual characteristics including trait level of anxiety and sex. However, little is understood about their collective role. In this study, we sought to understand the daily link between SAM use and negative affect and whether this link might differ by both trait anxiety and sex.

methodParticipants were 154 young adults (57.8% female, 72.7% White, M age = 20.2) who completed baseline surveys on trait anxiety symptoms and up to 14 consecutive daily surveys on their substance use and affective states.

resultsMultilevel models tested for associations of type of substance use day (i.e., alcohol-only days, cannabis-only days, and no use days relative to SAM use days) with next-day negative affect. Three-way and lower order interactions were tested for substance use day type, anxiety, and sex. Two three-way interactions between cannabis-only days, anxiety, and sex and between alcohol-only days, anxiety, and sex emerged such that SAM use was associated with greater next-day negative affect relative to single substance use days particularly among female participants with elevated anxiety.

conclusionsAnxiety and sex are salient factors in the link between SAM use relative to single-substance use and daily negative affect. Study findings reinforce the need to account for all of these factors in order to develop maximally efficacious substance use interventions.

Indexed as

CannabisMarijuana UseAdultAlcohol DrinkingAnxietyEthanolHumansYoung AdultEthanolAffectAnxietyDaily diarySex differencesSimultaneous alcohol and cannabis use

Identifiers

PMID34403870
PMCPMC8419092
OpenAlexW3193867338

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.