ArticleChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2021
Deuterated Indocyanine Green (ICG) with Extended Aqueous Storage Shelf-Life: Chemical and Clinical Implications.
Article in Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of indocyanine green and near-infrared fluorescence in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes during oesophageal and gastric cancer resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Pooled it
- More Than a Glow: How Cyanine Dyes Shape Tracer Pharmacokinetics.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Review
- A Molecular Shielding Strategy to Develop Low Protein Binding, Renal Clearable Pan-Cancer Near-Infrared Probes.Advanced functional materials · 2026Article
- Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Adrenalectomy Utilizing Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging for Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report.IJU case reports · 2026Article
- Switchable Enzyme-Regulated ECM-Integrin-Cholesterol Signaling Orchestrate PD-L1 Dual Destabilization for Boosting Photo-Immunotherapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Ethoxy Meso-Modified Heptamethine Cyanine Fluorophores: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and BSA Sensing Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Peptidomimetic Modified Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes for Enhanced Bioimaging Targetability: A Molecular Interaction Study on Bovine Serum Albumin and Human Parvalbumin.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Experimental Study Redefines the Mechanism of Heptamethine Cyanine Phototruncation.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Indocyanine-Green-Guided Partial Nephrectomy: A Narrative Review Addressing Protocol Heterogeneity, Perioperative Functional and Oncological Outcomes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- The first microseconds of the life of excited heptamethine cyanine revealed by femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy.Communications chemistry · 2025Article
- Standardized and Quantitative ICG Perfusion Assessment: Feasibility and Reproducibility in a Multicentre Setting.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Medical Basis for the Photoluminescence of Indocyanine Green.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Metal-organic frameworks-loaded indocyanine green for enhanced phototherapy: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Steric protection of near-infrared fluorescent dyes for enhanced bioimaging.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2024Review
- Engineering Central Substitutions in Heptamethine Dyes for Improved Fluorophore Performance.JACS Au · 2024Article
- An Indocyanine Green-Based Nanoprobe for In Vivo Detection of Cellular Senescence.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2024Article
- Fluorescence Imaging Using Deep-Red Indocyanine Blue, a Complementary Partner for Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Nanotools for Gastrointestinal Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Deuteration of heptamethine cyanine dyes enhances their emission efficacy.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Synthesis, Optical Properties, and In Vivo Biodistribution Performance of Polymethine Cyanine Fluorophores.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Indocyanine Green (ICG) is a clinically approved near-infrared fluorescent dye that is used extensively for various imaging and diagnostic procedures. One drawback with ICG is its instability in water, which means that reconstituted clinical doses have to be used very shortly after preparation. Two deuterated versions of ICG were prepared with deuterium atoms on the heptamethine chain, and the spectral, physiochemical, and photostability properties were quantified. A notable mechanistic finding is that self-aggregation of ICG in water strongly favors dye degradation by a photochemical oxidative dimerization reaction that gives a nonfluorescent product. Storage stability studies showed that replacement of C-H with C-D decreased the dimerization rate constant by a factor of 3.1, and it is likely that many medical and preclinical procedures will benefit from the longer shelf-lives of these two deuterated ICG dyes. The discovery that ICG self-aggregation promotes photoinduced electron transfer can be exploited as a new paradigm for next-generation photodynamic therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.