Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34403414›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Polygenic scores for smoking and educational attainment have independent influences on academic success and adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.

Brian M Hicks, D Angus Clark, Joseph D Deak, Jonathan D Schaefer, Mengzhen Liu, Seonkyeong Jang, C Emily Durbin, Wendy Johnson, Sylia Wilson, William G Iacono and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Brian M HicksDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-9528-6771
D Angus ClarkDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
Joseph D DeakDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
Jonathan D SchaeferInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-4112-9268
Mengzhen LiuDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
Seonkyeong JangDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
C Emily DurbinDepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.
Wendy JohnsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Sylia WilsonInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
William G IaconoDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
Matt McGueDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
Scott I VriezeDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
University of Minnesota · USUniversity of Michigan · USMichigan United · USUniversity of Edinburgh · GBYale University · US

Funding

TWIN STUDY OF FEMALE ALCOHOLISMS AND OTHER DISORDERSR01AA009367 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI MCGUE, MATTHEW K. · 1992 to 2013
$9.0M
MULTIDISCIPLINARY ALCOHOLISM RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAMT32AA007477 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Maureen A. Walton · 1990 to 2026
$7.4M
Twin Family Study of Vulnerability to Substance AbuseR37DA005147 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G. · 2009 to 2018
$6.4M
INSTITUTIONAL NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARDT32MH015755 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI Megan R Gunnar · 1985 to 2026
$5.9M
TWIN/FAMILY STUDY OF VULNERABILITY TO SUBSTANCE ABUSER01DA005147 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G · 1987 to 2007
$5.5M
Adolescent drinking and midlife outcomes: A prospective cotwin control studyR37AA009367 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI MCGUE, MATTHEW K. · 2016 to 2024
$5.4M
TWIN STUDY OF ADHD, CD, AND SUBSTANCE ABUSER01DA013240 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G. · 2000 to 2010
$5.0M
Deep Sequencing, Phenotyping, and Imputation in Large-Scale Biobanks: A Novel and Cost-Effective Framework to Identify Rare Mutations Associated with AddictionR01DA044283 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ALBERT, FRANK WOLFGANG, VRIEZE, SCOTT IAN · 2019 to 2024
$3.2M
A Twin Study of Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use Development: Leveraging Intensive Longitudinal AssessmentsU01DA046413 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI FRIEDMAN, NAOMI P., VRIEZE, SCOTT IAN · 2018 to 2022
$2.7M
Developmental and peer effects on the neurobiology of cognitive control and reward processesR01AA024433 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HEITZEG, MARY M, HICKS, BRIAN M · 2017 to 2021
$2.4M
Genetic Association Meta-Analyses of Smoking and Drinking for the Sequencing AgeR01DA037904 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI VRIEZE, SCOTT IAN · 2015 to 2019
$2.4M
Translational Alcohol Research Program (TARP)T32AA028259 · NIAAA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI COSGROVE, KELLY P., VASILIOU, VASILIS · 2020 to 2024
$1.8M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA009367NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA024433NIAAA NIH HHS R21 AA026632NIAAA NIH HHS R37 AA009367NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA007477NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA028259NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA005147NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA013240NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA034606NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA037904NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA044283NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA005147NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA046413NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH015755
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Educational success is associated with greater quality of life and depends, in part, on heritable cognitive and non-cognitive traits. We used polygenic scores (PGS) for smoking and educational attainment to examine different genetic influences on facets of academic adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood. PGSs were calculated for participants of the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 3225) and included as predictors of grades, academic motivation, and discipline problems at ages 11, 14, and 17 years-old, cigarettes per day from ages 14 to 24 years old, and educational attainment in adulthood (mean age 29.4 years). Smoking and educational attainment PGSs had significant incremental associations with each academic variable and cigarettes per day. About half of the adjusted effects of the smoking and education PGSs on educational attainment in adulthood were mediated by the academic variables in adolescence. Cigarettes per day from ages 14 to 24 years old did not account for the effect of the smoking PGS on educational attainment, suggesting the smoking PGS indexes genetic influences related to general behavioral disinhibition. In sum, distinct genetic influences measured by the smoking and educational attainment PGSs contribute to academic adjustment in adolescence and educational attainment in adulthood.

Indexed as

Educational StatusMultifactorial InheritanceAcademic SuccessAdolescentAdultChildFemaleGenetic Association StudiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMinnesotaSmokingTobacco ProductsTwinsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID34403414
PMCPMC8370636
OpenAlexW3163328215

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.