ArticleJCI insight2021
Inflammation-type dysbiosis of the oral microbiome associates with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms and long COVID.
Article in JCI insight, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Long COVID and endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Human microbiota dysbiosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection have the potential to predict disease prognosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Potential interaction between the oral microbiota and COVID-19: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics prediction.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA microbial data identified alterations of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients during the acute and recovery phases.BMC microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Persistence of salivary antibody responses after COVID-19 vaccination is associated with oral microbiome variation in both healthy and people living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Microbiome dysbiosis in long COVID: a scoping review of mechanistic insights, symptom associations, and therapeutic targets.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Interactions between taste and oral microbiome: mechanisms and implications for oral and systemic diseases.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Biological Plausibility Between Long-COVID and Periodontal Disease Development or Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 lineages and naso-oropharyngeal bacterial communities in COVID-19 reinfection: A study in West Java, Indonesia.Narra J · 2025Article
- The Impact of Aging Oral Health on Long COVID-19.Journal of dental research · 2025Review
- Microbiome and Long COVID-19: Current Evidence and Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Long COVID: current research and future directions.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Causes of symptoms and symptom persistence in long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of Antiseptic Formulations on Oral Microbiota and Related Systemic Diseases: A Scoping Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immune Signatures in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and Myalgia/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Insights from the Fecal Microbiome and Serum Cytokine Profiles.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Infectious and Immunological Links Between Periodontitis and COVID-19: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- A multidisciplinary review of long COVID to address the challenges in diagnosis and updated management guidelines.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Post-viral lung diseases: the microbiota as a key player.ERJ open research · 2025Review
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, many individuals experience prolonged symptoms, termed long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms (long COVID). Long COVID is thought to be linked to immune dysregulation due to harmful inflammation, with the exact causes being unknown. Given the role of the microbiome in mediating inflammation, we aimed to examine the relationship between the oral microbiome and the duration of long COVID symptoms. Tongue swabs were collected from patients presenting with COVID-19 symptoms. Confirmed infections were followed until resolution of all symptoms. Bacterial composition was determined by metagenomic sequencing. We used random forest modeling to identify microbiota and clinical covariates that are associated with long COVID symptoms. Of the patients followed, 63% developed ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and 37% went on to long COVID. Patients with prolonged symptoms had significantly higher abundances of microbiota that induced inflammation, such as members of the genera Prevotella and Veillonella, which, of note, are species that produce LPS. The oral microbiome of patients with long COVID was similar to that of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Altogether, our findings suggest an association with the oral microbiome and long COVID, revealing the possibility that dysfunction of the oral microbiome may have contributed to this draining disease.
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Registered trials
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