ArticleDiabetologia2021
Twenty-four hour assessments of substrate oxidation reveal differences in metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetes that are improved with aerobic training.
Article in Diabetologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01911104 (Investigating the Underlying Mechanisms of Exercise Resistance in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigating the Underlying Mechanisms of Exercise Resistance in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Successfully Reducing Sitting Time Can Improve Metabolic Flexibility.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Trial
- Nocturnal fat oxidation is lower in older individuals with overweight/obesity, including those with type 2 diabetes, and is associated with fasting triglyceride levels.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Assessing metabolic flexibility in adults under physiological conditions: Effects of dietary fat and exercise in whole-room calorimetry.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Algorithm for transient response of human open-circuit whole-room indirect calorimetry: A review and future perspective.Physiological reports · 2025Review
- Commentary on "Are Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Metabolically Inflexible? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- A U-shaped dose-response of carbohydrate-protein supplementation on rowing performance.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- 24-h energy expenditure in people with type 1 diabetes: impact on equations for clinical estimation of energy expenditure.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Comprehensive interrogation of human skeletal muscle reveals a dissociation between insulin resistance and mitochondrial capacity.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Measurement of 24-h continuous human CHJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2023Article
- What Is the Impact of Energy Expenditure on Energy Intake?Nutrients · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to assess metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) in participants with type 2 diabetes within the physiologically relevant conditions of sleeping, the post-absorptive (fasting) state and during meals using 24 h whole-room indirect calorimetry (WRIC) and to determine the impact of aerobic training on these novel features of MetFlex.
methodsNormal-weight, active healthy individuals (active; n = 9), obese individuals without type 2 diabetes (ND; n = 9) and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 23) completed baseline metabolic assessments. The type 2 diabetes group underwent a 10 week supervised aerobic training intervention and repeated the metabolic assessments. MetFlex was assessed by indirect calorimetry in response to insulin infusion and during a 24 h period in a whole-room indirect calorimeter. Indices of MetFlex evaluated by WRIC included mean RQ and RQ kinetic responses after ingesting a standard high-carbohydrate breakfast (RQ
resultsThe three groups had significantly different RQ CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationTwenty-four hour WRIC revealed that physiological RQ responses exemplify differences in MetFlex across a spectrum of metabolic health and correlated with skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics. Defects in certain features of MetFlex were improved with aerobic training, emphasising the need to assess multiple aspects of MetFlex and disentangle insulin resistance from MetFlex in type 2 diabetes.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01911104.
fundingThis study was funded by the ADA (grant no. 7-13-JF-53).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.