Trial reportJournal of the International AIDS Society2021
Risk factors for HIV virological non-suppression among adolescents with common mental disorder symptoms in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study.
Trial report in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and factors associated with viral non-suppression in people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Risk factors for HIV virological non-suppression among adolescents with common mental disorder symptoms in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Interventions Supporting Disclosure Among Children and Adolescents Living with HIV: A Scoping Review and Realist Synthesis.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Drivers of HIV Viral Non-suppression Among Children and Adolescents Aged 0-19 Years in Masaka District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Baseline Data on Viral Suppression, Treatment Adherence and Mental Health in Peripartum Girls and Young Women With HIV in Zimbabwe.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Observational
- Application of the RE-AIM framework to evaluate a stepped care intervention for adolescents and youth living with HIV in Kenya: a mixed methods approach.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Setting up for success: the effectiveness of telling children about their HIV status.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Evaluating the contribution of operation triple zero to HIV viral load suppression and retention among the adolescents in TASO Uganda using RE-AIM framework: a before and after implementation science study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- "Swallowing these drugs every day, you get tired": a mixed-methods study to identify barriers and facilitators to retention and HIV viral load suppression among the adolescents living with HIV in TASO Mbale and TASO Soroti centers of excellence.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Viral Non-suppression Among Youth Living with HIV in Nigeria: Findings from the iCARE Nigeria Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluating implementation research outcomes for a task-sharing mental health intervention: A systematic review of the Friendship Bench.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Trends and correlates in HIV viral load monitoring and viral suppression among adolescents and young adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2024Article
- Experiences of support by unsuppressed adolescents living with HIV and their caregivers in Windhoek, Namibia: a qualitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Virological non-suppression and associated factors among adult patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at selected health facilities in uMgungundlovu district of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- "They test my blood to know how much blood is in my body": the untapped potential of promoting viral load literacy to support adherence and viral suppression among adolescents living with HIV.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Behavioral and emotional difficulties and HIV treatment outcomes among HIV-infected children in rural southwestern China.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2023Article
- Social effects of HIV disclosure, an ongoing challenge in young adults living with perinatal HIV: a qualitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Factors associated with HIV RNA viral non-suppression among children and adolescents with HIV attending public health facilities in Gulu City, Uganda: a retrospective cohort study.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAdolescents are at increased risk of HIV virological non-suppression compared to adults and younger children. Common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression are a barrier to adherence and virological suppression. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with virological non-suppression among adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) in Zimbabwe who had symptoms of common mental disorders.
methodsWe utilized baseline data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a problem-solving therapy intervention to improve mental health and HIV viral suppression of ALWH. Sixty clinics within 10 districts were randomized 1:1 to either the intervention or control arm, with the aim to recruit 14 adolescents aged 10 to 19 per clinic. Adolescents were eligible if they scored ≥7 on the Shona Symptom Questionnaire measuring symptoms of common mental disorders. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for factors associated with non-suppression, defined as viral load ≥1000 copies/mL.
resultsBetween 2 January and 21 March 2019 the trial enrolled 842 participants aged 10 to 19 years (55.5% female, 58.8% aged <16). Most participants (N = 613) were taking an NNRTI-based ART regimen (13 PI-based, 216 unknown) and median duration on ART was six years (IQR three to nine years, 240 unknown). Of the 833 with viral load data 292 (35.1%) were non-suppressed. Virological non-suppression was independently associated with male sex (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.43, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.97), and with not knowing one's own HIV status (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.88), or knowing one's status but not disclosing it to anyone (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.93), compared to adolescents who knew their status and had disclosed it to someone.
conclusionsALWH with symptoms of common mental disorders have high prevalence of virological non-suppression in Zimbabwe, especially if they do not know their status or have not disclosed it. In general adolescents should be informed of their HIV status, with encouragement on the beneficial health and social effects of viral suppression, to incentivise adherence. Efforts to strengthen the operationalization of disclosure guidelines for adolescents should now be prioritized.
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