Arginine vasotocin affects motivation to call, but not calling plasticity, in Cope's gray treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis.

The ability to respond to competition is critical for social behaviors involved in mating, territoriality and foraging. Physiological mechanisms of competitive social behaviors may determine not only baseline behavior, but possibly also the plasticity of the response to competition. We examined the effects of the neuropeptide arginine vasotocin (AVT), which is implicated in social behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates, on both spontaneous acoustic advertisement calling behavior and the plastic response to a simulated competitive challenge in Cope's gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis. We injected males either with AVT or a saline control and then analyzed recordings of spontaneous calling prior to playback, playback of average advertisement calls, playback of highly competitive advertisement calls, and spontaneous calling after playback. We found a tendency for AVT-treated males to be more likely to resume calling, and AVT males had higher call rates than control males, although they did not differ in pulse number or call effort. There were no differences between the AVT and control treatments in the plasticity of calling behavior in response to simulated competitors. Our results generally align with other studies on how AVT affects anuran vocalizations, and suggest that its primary effect is on motivation to call, with less of an effect on plasticity in response to competition. Nevertheless, these effects on call motivation are significant, because mating success is often determined more by participation in the chorus than by the values of specific call characteristics.