ArticleKidney medicine
Obesity and the Risk of Low Bicarbonate: A Cohort Study.
Article in Kidney medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acid accumulation in bipolar disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Acid accumulation is associated with metabolic alterations; higher energy, fat, and protein intake; and energy expenditure.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Article
- Dietary acid load in health and disease.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2024Review
- Effects of sex, age, and body mass index on serum bicarbonate.Frontiers in sleep · 2023Article
- Minding the Gap Beyond Kidney Disease: Utility of the Anion Gap in Metabolic Syndrome.Kidney360 · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE &
objectiveAcid retention may occur in the absence of overt metabolic acidosis; thus it is important to identify populations at risk. Because obesity may alter renal acid-base handling, we sought to determine whether overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for low serum bicarbonate levels, suggesting metabolic acidosis. STUDY
designRetrospective cohort study. SETTING &
participantsAdult patients (n = 96,147) visiting outpatient clinics in the Bronx, NY, between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2015. PREDICTOR: Body mass index (BMI). OUTCOME: Low serum bicarbonate level (≤23 mEq/L). ANALYTICAL APPROACH: Longitudinal analyses were conducted using mixed-effects models to examine associations of BMI with serum bicarbonate levels over time and Cox proportional hazards models to examine associations of BMI with incident low bicarbonate levels.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 4.4 (interquartile range, 2.3-6.3) years, patients had a median of 8 serum bicarbonate measurements and 34,539 patients developed low bicarbonate levels. Higher BMI was associated with progressively lower serum bicarbonate levels, with attenuation of the association in the highest BMI groups, suggesting a J-shaped relationship. Compared with the reference group (BMI, 18.5 to <25 kg.m LIMITATIONS: Arterial pH measurements were unavailable.
conclusionsHigher BMI is independently associated with progressively greater risk for developing low serum bicarbonate levels, indicating likely metabolic acidosis. Further research should explore the causes of low bicarbonate levels in patients with overweight and obesity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.