ArticleEClinicalMedicine2021
Interoceptive training to target anxiety in autistic adults (ADIE): A single-center, superiority randomized controlled trial.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
ADIE-FS - Aligning Dimensions of Interoceptive Experience in Patients With Functional Seizures
ADIE-BC - Aligning Dimensions of Interoceptive Experience in Breast Cancer Survivors
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diminished Interoceptive Accuracy in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.Psychophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Psychological interventions for interoception in mental health disorders: A systematic review of randomized-controlled trials.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2023Pooled it
- Characterizing Interoceptive Differences in Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Hunyuan zhuang improves interoception: evidence from an expert-novice study and a pilot randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Virtual group-based mindfulness for autistic adults: A randomized controlled trial.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Trial
- A dense-sampling investigation of interoceptive variation across the menstrual cycle: the Cyclic Hormones and Interoception with Repeated Profiling (CHIRP) Study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Selective interoception impairments and treatment effects in borderline personality disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Beyond bendy joints: number of variant connective tissue features predicts neurodivergent characteristics in hypermobile individuals with anxiety.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- A Network Analysis of Alexithymia, Interoception, Empathy, Self-Awareness and Psychopathological Symptoms in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- Interoception predicts mental imagery vividness: exploring a key relationship.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neural processes linking joint hypermobility and anxiety: key roles for the amygdala and insular cortex.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Article
- Beyond heartbeats: re-thinking interoception in autism through virtual reality and computational modelling.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Review
- Autistic Adult Online Interoception Feasibility Pilot Program.Occupational therapy international · 2026Article
- Experiences of autistic women in menopause: brief review and recommendations for practice and research.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- The Role of Interoception in Felt Presence and Psychosis Risk.Psychopathology · 2026Article
- The inner life of autism: a call to action.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Time to notice neurodiversity in eating disorder services: a three-year real-world analysis of autism, ADHD, and AuDHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Autism care: reimagining the spectrum.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis trial tested if a novel therapy, Aligning Dimensions of Interoceptive Experience (ADIE), reduces anxiety in autistic adults. ADIE targets the association of anxiety with mismatch between subjective and behavioral measures of an individual's
methodsIn this superiority randomized controlled trial, autistic adults (18-65 years) from clinical and community settings in Southern England were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive six sessions of ADIE or an active 'exteroceptive' control therapy (emotional prosody identification). Researchers conducting outcome assessments were blind to allocation. ADIE combines two modified heartbeat detection tasks with performance feedback and physical activity manipulation that transiently increases cardiac arousal. Participants were followed-up one-week (T1) and 3-months post-intervention (T2). The primary outcome was Spielberger Trait Anxiety Score (STAI-T) at T2. Outcomes were assessed on an intention-to-treat basis using multiple imputation for dealing with missing values. This trial was registered at International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Registry, ISRCTN14848787.
findingsBetween July 01, 2017, and December 31, 2019, 121 participants were randomly allocated to ADIE (
interpretationADIE can reduce anxiety in autistic adults, putatively improving regulatory control over internal stimuli. With little reliance on language and emotional insight, ADIE may constitute an inclusive intervention. FUNDING MQ:
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.