ArticleInternet interventions2021
Virtual reality facial emotion recognition in social environments: An eye-tracking study.
Article in Internet interventions, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- A randomised controlled test in virtual reality of the effects on paranoid thoughts of virtual humans' facial animation and expression.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- High-fidelity avatars for behavior and cognition research in virtual environments: An accessible construction method for scientists.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Real-Time Emotion Recognition Performance of Mobile Devices: A Detailed Analysis of Camera and TrueDepth Sensors Using Apple's ARKit.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dissociating effects of gaze direction and facial motion on memory of dynamic faces.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Usability, sense of presence, and performance of a virtual reality emotion recognition task.PloS one · 2025Article
- Enhancing emotion recognition in virtual reality: a multimodal dataset and a temporal emotion detector.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A new treatment approach to conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits: an assessment of the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of Impact VR.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Using Active and Passive Smartphone Data to Enhance Adolescents' Emotional Awareness in Forensic Outpatient Setting: A Qualitative Feasibility and Usability Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- An exploratory study of the effect of age and gender on face scanning during affect recognition in immersive virtual reality.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Current virtual reality-based rehabilitation interventions in neuro-developmental disorders at developmental ages.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
- Optimized virtual reality design through user immersion level detection with novel feature fusion and explainable artificial intelligence.PeerJ. Computer science · 2024Article
- Article
- I see you, you see me: the impact of social presence on social interaction processes in autistic and non-autistic people.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Trajectories of Emotion Recognition Training in Virtual Reality and Predictors of Improvement for People with a Psychotic Disorder.Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking · 2023Article
- Virtual Reality for Vision Science.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Facial expression recognition in virtual reality environments: challenges and opportunities.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Article
- Facial affect recognition in context in adults with and without TBI.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Virtual Reality Technology in Cognitive Rehabilitation Application: Bibliometric Analysis.JMIR serious games · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVirtual reality (VR) enables the administration of realistic and dynamic stimuli within a social context for the assessment and training of emotion recognition. We tested a novel VR emotion recognition task by comparing emotion recognition across a VR, video and photo task, investigating covariates of recognition and exploring visual attention in VR.
methodsHealthy individuals (n = 100) completed three emotion recognition tasks; a photo, video and VR task. During the VR task, emotions of virtual characters (avatars) in a VR street environment were rated, and eye-tracking was recorded in VR.
resultsRecognition accuracy in VR (overall 75%) was comparable to the photo and video task. However, there were some differences; disgust and happiness had lower accuracy rates in VR, and better accuracy was achieved for surprise and anger in VR compared to the video task. Participants spent more time identifying disgust, fear and sadness than surprise and happiness. In general, attention was directed longer to the eye and nose areas than the mouth. DISCUSSION: Immersive VR tasks can be used for training and assessment of emotion recognition. VR enables easily controllable avatars within environments relevant for daily life. Validated emotional expressions and tasks will be of relevance for clinical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.