Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34401387›Full record

ReviewInternet interventions2021

A systematic review of the engagement with social media-delivered interventions for improving health outcomes among sexual and gender minorities.

César G Escobar-Viera, Eleanna M Melcher, Rebekah S Miller, Darren L Whitfield, Daniel Jacobson-López, Jacob D Gordon, Adrian J Ballard, Bruce L Rollman, Sherry Pagoto

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Internet interventions, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Evaluation of a Community-Based Social Media Campaign for HIV Prevention Among Latino Sexual Minority Men.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026
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  8. International journal of transgender health · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

César G Escobar-VieraDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
Eleanna M MelcherSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America.
Rebekah S MillerHealth Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
Darren L WhitfieldSchool of Social Work, University of Maryland Baltimore.
Daniel Jacobson-LópezDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
Jacob D GordonSchool of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
Adrian J BallardSchool of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
Bruce L RollmanCenter for Behavioral Health, Media, and Technology, Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
Sherry PagotoUConn Center for mHealth and Social Media, Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Sciences, University of Connecticut, United States of America.

Funding

Online Treatments for Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Primary CareR01MH093501 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ROLLMAN, BRUCE LAWRENCE · 2012 to 2015
$2.5M
Mentoring in mHealth and Social Networking Interventions for CVD Risk ReductionK24HL124366 · NHLBI · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI PAGOTO, SHERRY L. · 2015 to 2024
$1.1M
NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL124366NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH093501
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSexual and gender minority (SGM) persons face a number of physical and mental health disparities closely linked to discrimination, social stigma, and victimization. Despite the acceptability and increasing number of digital health interventions focused on improving health outcomes among SGM people, there is a lack of reviews summarizing whether and how researchers assess engagement with social media-delivered health interventions for this group.

objectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to synthesize and critique the evidence on evaluation of engagement with social media-delivered interventions for improving health outcomes among SGM persons.

methodsWe conducted a literature search for studies published between January 2003 and June 2020 using 4 electronic databases. Articles were included if they were peer-reviewed, in English language, assessed engagement with a social media-delivered health intervention for improving health outcomes among sexual and gender minorities. A minimum of two authors independently extracted data from each study using an a priori developed abstraction form. We assessed quality of data reporting using the CONSORT extension for pilot and feasibility studies and CONSORT statement parallel group randomized trials.

resultsWe included 18 articles in the review; 15 were feasibility studies and 3 were efficacy or effectiveness randomized trials. The quality of data reporting varied considerably. The vast majority of articles focused on improving HIV-related outcomes among men who have sex with men. Only three studies recruited cisgender women and/or transgender persons. We found heterogeneity in how engagement was defined and assessed. Intervention usage from social media data was the most frequently used engagement measure.

conclusionIn addition to the heterogeneity in defining and assessing engagement, we found that the focus of assessment was often on measures of intervention usage only. More purposeful recruitment is needed to learn about whether, how, and why different SGM groups engage with social media-interventions. This leaves significant room for future research to expand evaluation criteria for cognitive and emotional aspects of intervention engagement in order to develop effective and tailored social media-delivered interventions for SGM people. Our findings also support the need for developing and testing social media-delivered interventions that focus on improving mental health and outcomes related to chronic health conditions among SGM persons.

Indexed as

Digital health interventionsLGBTQ+Mental healthSexual and gender minoritiesSocial mediaSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID34401387
PMCPMC8350614

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.