ArticleInternet interventions2021
The working alliance in blended versus face-to-face cognitive therapy for depression: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Internet interventions, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Therapeutic alliance across delivery modalities: a systematic narrative review of alliance strength and outcome prediction in face-to-face, online, and blended psychotherapy.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Pooled it
- Bayesian adaptive randomized trial of blended cognitive behavioral therapy for severe fatigue in stable diffuse glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2026Trial
- Comparison of the Working Alliance in Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Treatment as Usual for Depression in Europe: Secondary Data Analysis of the E-COMPARED Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- "Who blends in and why (not)?" A qualitative study on psychotherapists' patient inclusion in blended care.Internet interventions · 2025Article
- Influence of patient satisfaction, system usability, and working alliance on depressive symptom improvement in blended cognitive behavioral therapy (bCBT): Secondary analysis of an open trial data.Internet interventions · 2025Article
- The therapeutic alliance in blended versus face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents and young adults with a depressive disorder.Internet interventions · 2024Article
- Blended Psychological Therapy for the Treatment of Psychological Disorders in Adult Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Working alliance and its link to guidance in an internet-based intervention for depressive disorders: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- A large-scale evaluation of therapeutic alliance and symptom trajectories of depression and anxiety in blended care therapy.PloS one · 2024Article
- Blending an internet-based emotion regulation intervention with face-to-face psychotherapy: Findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial.Internet interventions · 2023Article
- Relationship Factors in Internet-Delivered Psychological Interventions for Veterans Experiencing Postpartum Depression: Qualitative Analysis.JMIR mental health · 2023Article
- Waiting for a digital therapist: three challenges on the path to psychotherapy delivered by artificial intelligence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Practitioners' experience of the working alliance in a blended cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention for depression: qualitative study of barriers and facilitators.BJPsych open · 2022Article
- Article
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2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWe explored the working alliance as measured by both clients and therapists. The working alliance has been known to predict the outcome of psychotherapy and is often considered an important common factor. This study raised the question of how to conceptualize the working alliance in the blended format.
methodsThis was an exploratory study derived from a randomized controlled trial comparing bCBT and face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy (ftf CBT) on depression. The change in depressive symptoms was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the working alliance was measured using the Working Alliance Inventory. ANALYSES: Correlation coefficients were calculated for the working alliance as reported by clients and therapists, working alliance was then examined at item and dimension level (task, bond, goal). Linear regression models were applied to investigate the predictive value of the working alliance on treatment outcome. Interaction between the level of working alliance and treatment condition was also considered.
resultsClient and therapist working alliance ratings correlated at DISCUSSION: Clients and therapists may lay emphasis on different aspects of the working alliance. The finding that therapist-rated working alliance was better than client working alliance at predicting outcome went against common findings; this pattern may be specific to bCBT.
conclusionClients rated the working alliance slightly higher than therapists on average. Clients and therapists as well as treatment conditions had different profiles on dimension deviations. Therapist ratings of the working alliance appeared to better predict treatment outcome than client ratings. Joint working alliance predicted outcome using client and therapist composite means. The working alliance was equally strong in ftf CBT and bCBT. The absence of interaction with treatment condition indicated that the working alliance was equally predictive of outcome in ftf CBT as in bCBT.
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