ArticleFrontiers in physiology2021
Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Smoking on Fetal Heart Rate and Movement Regulation.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-reassuring fetal heart rate and associated factors among laboring mothers at southern public hospitals in Ethiopia: a poisson regression model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Co-developing sleep-wake and sensory foundations for cognition in the human fetus and newborn.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- Fetal development and the air pollution exposome: an integrative perspective of health pathways.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- In Utero Exposure to Alcohol and Tobacco and Electroencephalogram Power During Childhood.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Impact of low-level prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal stress on autonomic regulation.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Prenatal smoking and drinking are associated with altered newborn autonomic functions.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- The impact of exposure to tobacco smoking and maternal trauma in fetal life on risk of migraine.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Negative associations of prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposure (PTE and PAE) on birth outcomes and childhood development have been well documented, but less is known about underlying mechanisms. A possible pathway for the adverse fetal outcomes associated with PTE and PAE is the alteration of fetal autonomic nervous system development. This study assessed PTE and PAE effects on measures of fetal autonomic regulation, as quantified by heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (SD-HR), movement, and HR-movement coupling in a population of fetuses at ≥ 34 weeks gestational age. Participants are a subset of the Safe Passage Study, a prospective cohort study that enrolled pregnant women from clinical sites in Cape Town, South Africa, and the Northern Plains region, United States. PAE was defined by six levels: no alcohol, low quit early, high quit early, low continuous, moderate continuous, and high continuous; while PTE by 4 levels: no smoking, quit early, low continuous, and moderate/high continuous. Linear regression analyses of autonomic measures were employed controlling for fetal sex, gestational age at assessment, site, maternal education, household crowding, and depression. Analyses were also stratified by sleep state (1F and 2F) and site (South Africa,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.