Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34400860›Full record

ArticleSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society2021

Impact of pharmacist insulin injection re-education on glycemic control among type II diabetic patients in primary health clinics.

Selvakumari Selvadurai, Kit Yee Cheah, Min Wei Ching, Hanisah Kamaruddin, Xiao You Lee, Radhiatul Mardhiyah Ngajidin, Xian Hui Lee, Lina Mariana Mohd Ali

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Effective Education Methods to Improve Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2025
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  10. Addressing Insulin Injection Technique: A Follow-up Study of Canadian Patients with Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023
    Article
  11. Optimising Insulin Injection Techniques to Improve Diabetes Outcomes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023
    Review
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Selvakumari SelvaduraiJabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Tasik Perdana, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Kit Yee CheahCentre for Clinical Trial, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institute of Health, Kompleks Institut Kesihatan Negara (NIH), No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52 Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Min Wei ChingJabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Tasik Perdana, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Hanisah KamaruddinJabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Tasik Perdana, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Xiao You LeeJabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Tasik Perdana, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Radhiatul Mardhiyah NgajidinJabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Tasik Perdana, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Xian Hui LeeJabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Tasik Perdana, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Lina Mariana Mohd AliJabatan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya, Jalan Cenderasari, Tasik Perdana, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia · MYNational Institutes of Health

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInsulin injection technique re-education and diabetes knowledge empowerment has led to improved glycemic control.

objectivesTo evaluate the impact of pharmacist's monthly re-education on insulin injection technique (IT), lipohypertrophy, patients' perception on insulin therapy and its effect on glycaemic control.

methodsThis randomized controlled, multi-centered study was conducted among type 2 diabetics from 15 government health clinics. 160 diabetics with baseline HbA1

results139 patients completed the study; control group (69), intervention group (70). In control group, all outcomes shown improvement except for patient's perception. Mean HbA1

conclusionRe-education is more effective in increasing adherence, reducing lipohypertrophy, improving injection technique and patient's perception on insulin therapy, thereby providing better glycaemic control.

Indexed as

CounsellingGlycaemic controlInsulin injection techniquePharmacistsRe-education

Identifiers

PMID34400860
PMCPMC8347656
OpenAlexW3157350395

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.