ReviewNature ecology & evolution2021
Scientific foundations for an ecosystem goal, milestones and indicators for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
Review in Nature ecology & evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of the uncertainty of coral reef futures under climate change.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- Comparing soil-health- and species-based sensitivity distributions for metal risk assessment in Tianjin soils.iScience · 2026Article
- Location-Based Damage Factors to Assess the Impact of Future Land-Use Changes on the Biodiversity Extinction Rate.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Article
- Applying the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology to classify, describe, and map ecosystems based on regional data and Indigenous knowledge.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- Biodiversity conservation depends on the expansion of taxonomy and systematics research.Journal of mammalogy · 2025Article
- Effectiveness analysis of ecological networks in ecological risk governance based on the spatiotemporal dynamics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Contribution of Protected Area Networks to Achieving Global Biodiversity Framework Targets and Sustainable Development Goals: Evidence From Coastal Shandong, China.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- A molecular specimen bank for contemporary and future study captures landscape-scale biodiversity baselines before Klamath River dam removal.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Panel-based assessment of ecosystem condition as a platform for adaptive and knowledge driven management.Environmental management · 2024Article
- Synergies and complementarities between ecosystem accounting and the Red List of Ecosystems.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Review
- Understanding and achieving species elements in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.Bioscience · 2024Article
- Evaluating eDNA and eRNA metabarcoding for aquatic biodiversity assessment: From bacteria to vertebrates.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2024Article
- Mapping global land conversion pressure to support conservation planning.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Scaling up area-based conservation to implement the Global Biodiversity Framework's 30x30 target: The role of Nature's Strongholds.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Roles of the Red List of Ecosystems in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.Nature ecology & evolution · 2024Review
- Global monitoring for biodiversity: Uncertainty, risk, and power analyses to support trend change detection.Science advances · 2024Article
- Landscape quantifies the intermediate state and transition dynamics in ecological networks.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Spermatophyta (Plantae) and invasive alien plants of Wanda Mountains in China: a first checklist.Biodiversity data journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 15 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite substantial conservation efforts, the loss of ecosystems continues globally, along with related declines in species and nature's contributions to people. An effective ecosystem goal, supported by clear milestones, targets and indicators, is urgently needed for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and beyond to support biodiversity conservation, the UN Sustainable Development Goals and efforts to abate climate change. Here, we describe the scientific foundations for an ecosystem goal and milestones, founded on a theory of change, and review available indicators to measure progress. An ecosystem goal should include three core components: area, integrity and risk of collapse. Targets-the actions that are necessary for the goals to be met-should address the pathways to ecosystem loss and recovery, including safeguarding remnants of threatened ecosystems, restoring their area and integrity to reduce risk of collapse and retaining intact areas. Multiple indicators are needed to capture the different dimensions of ecosystem area, integrity and risk of collapse across all ecosystem types, and should be selected for their fitness for purpose and relevance to goal components. Science-based goals, supported by well-formulated action targets and fit-for-purpose indicators, will provide the best foundation for reversing biodiversity loss and sustaining human well-being.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.