ArticleScientific reports2021
Production, stability and degradation of Trichoderma gliotoxin in growth medium, irrigation water and agricultural soil.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phytomycobiomes and Ecosystem Services: Mechanisms, Evidence and Routes to Application.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gliotoxin Production and Self-Defense in Filamentous Fungi.Annual review of microbiology · 2025Review
- Microbial Metabolites: A Sustainable Approach to Combat Plant Pests.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Ecological dominance, functional roles, and biosafety ofFrontiers in fungal biology · 2025Review
- Eco-smart biocontrol strategies utilizing potent microbes for sustainable management of phytopathogenic diseases.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- Fungal and Toxin Contaminants in Cereal Grains and Flours: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Characterization and Assessment of 2, 4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gliotoxin produced by Trichoderma virens is inhibitory against various phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. However, its stability in soil-ecosystem has not yet been well-defined. This study aimed to decipher its persistence and behaviour in growth media, irrigation water and soil ecosystems. Gliotoxin production was noticed at logarithmic growth phase and converted into bis-thiomethyl gliotoxin at late stationary growth phase of T. virens in acidic growth medium. But, no gliotoxin production was observed in neutral and alkaline growth medium. Gliotoxin was stable for several days in acidic water but degraded in alkaline water. Degradation of gliotoxin was more in unsterile soil than sterile soil and also that was higher under wet soil than dry soil. Degradation of gliotoxin was hastened by alkaline pH in wet soil but not in dry soil. Under unsterile soil conditions, high soil moisture increased the degradation of gliotoxin and the degradation of gliotoxin occurred quickly in alkaline soil (in 5 days) compared to acidic soil (in 10 days). Under sterile soil conditions, high soil moisture also enhanced the degradation of gliotoxin but level of degradation was less compared to unsterile conditions. Thus, gliotoxin stability is influenced mainly by the soil wetness, soil microbial community and pH conditions.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.